Author: SIL Writing Systems Technology

# Harmattan - Font Features

Harmattan is an OpenType-enabled font family that supports the Arabic script. It includes a number of optional features that provide alternative rendering that might be preferable for use in some contexts. The sections below enumerate the details of these features. Whether these features are available to users will depend on both the application and the rendering technology being used. Some applications let the user control certain features such as Character Variants to turn on the rendering of variant characters. However, at this point, most applications do not make use of those features so another solution is needed to show the variant characters. TypeTuner creates tuned fonts that use the variant glyph in place of the standard glyph. TypeTuner also provides the ability to turn on support for the Kurdish, Kyrgyz, Rohingya, Sindhi, Urdu, and Wolof language variants.

See Using Font Features. Although that page is not targeted at Arabic script support, it does provide a comprehensive list of applications that make full use of the OpenType font technology.

See also Arabic Fonts — Application Support. It provides a fairly comprehensive list of applications that make full use of the OpenType font technology.

This page uses web fonts (WOFF) to demonstrate font features and should display correctly in all modern browsers. For a more concise example of how to use Harmattan as a web font see harmattan-webfont-example.html in the font package web folder.

If this document is not displaying correctly a PDF version is also provided in the documentation/pdf folder of the release package.

## End of Ayah (U+06DD), Disputed End of Ayah (U+08E2), and subtending marks (U+0600..U+0605, U+0890..U+0891)

These Arabic characters are intended to enclose or hold one or more digits.

Specific technical details of how to use them are discussed in the Arabic fonts FAQ -- Subtending marks.

Additionally, Harmattan includes two simplified alternates for U+06DD ARABIC END OF AYAH under the Stylistic Alternates (salt) feature, but at this time we know of no OpenType-based applications that can access these. The two alternates are also available through the Character Variants feature discussed below.

## Customizing with TypeTuner

For applications that do not make use of the OpenType Character Variants, you can now download fonts customized with the variant glyphs you choose. Read this document, visit TypeTuner Web, then choose the variants and download your font.

### Language

Affects: U+062F, U+0630, U+0688..U+068F, U+0690, U+06EE, U+0759, U+075A, U+08AE, U+0645, U+0765, U+0766, U+08A7, U+0647, U+0626, U+060C, U+061B, U+06F4, U+06F5, U+06F6, U+06F7, U+0650, U+064F, U+064C, U+0657

Unfortunately, the UI needed to access the language-specific behavior is not yet present in many applications. LibreOffice and Microsoft Word 2016 support language-specific behavior for Kurdish, Sindhi and Urdu (but not Kyrgyz, Rohingya or Wolof). Some Harfbuzz-based apps, e.g., XeTeX, can access language-specific behavior.

#### Kurdish (Northern), Rohingya, Sindhi, Urdu

Language | Meem | Heh Doachashmee (06BE) | 4 | 6 | 7 | 0650/064E | 064C | Feature Setting
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Default | م ممم | ھ ھھھ | ۴ | ۶ | ۷ | بِّ | بٌ |
Kurdish(Northern) | م ممم | ھ ھھھ | ۴ | ۶ | ۷ | بِّ | بٌ | `lang='ku'`
Rohingya | م ممم | ھ ھھھ | ۴ | ۶ | ۷ | بِّ | بٌ | `lang='rhg'`
Sindhi | م ممم | ھ ھھھ | ۴ | ۶ | ۷ | بِّ | بٌ | `lang='sd'`
Urdu | م ممم | ھ ھھھ | ۴ | ۶ | ۷ | بِّ | بٌ | `lang='ur'`

#### Kyrgyz and Wolof

Language | Dal | 0626 | 0650/064E | 064F | 0657 | Feature Setting
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Default | د | ئ ئئئ | بِّ | بُ | بٗ |
Kyrgyz | د | ئ ئئئ | بِّ | بُ | بٗ | `lang='ky'`
Wolof | د | ئ ئئئ | بِّ | بُ | بٗ | `lang='wo'`

### Character variants

There are some character shape differences in different languages which use the Arabic script. These can be accessed by using OpenType Character Variants, or through the language support mentioned above.

#### Jeem/Hah

Affects: U+062C, U+062D, U+062E, U+0682, U+0683, U+0684, U+0685, U+0686, U+06BF, U+0757, U+0758, U+088A, U+08A2, U+08C1, U+08C5, U+08C6

Feature | Sample | Feature setting
--- | --- | ---
Standard | ج ججج ح ححح خ خخخ ڂ ڂڂڂ ڃ ڃڃڃ ڄ ڄڄڄ څ څڅڅ چ چچچ ڿ ڿڿڿ ݗ ݗݗݗ ݘ ݘݘݘ ࢊ ࢊࢊࢊ ࢢ ࢢࢢࢢ ࣁ ࣁࣁࣁ ࣅ ࣅࣅࣅ ࣆ ࣆࣆࣆ | `cv08=0`
Handwritten | ج ججج ح ححح خ خخخ ڂ ڂڂڂ ڃ ڃڃڃ ڄ ڄڄڄ څ څڅڅ چ چچچ ڿ ڿڿڿ ݗ ݗݗݗ ݘ ݘݘݘ ࢊ ࢊࢊࢊ ࢢ ࢢࢢࢢ ࣁ ࣁࣁࣁ ࣅ ࣅࣅࣅ ࣆ ࣆࣆࣆ | `cv08=1`

#### Dal

Affects: U+062F, U+0630, U+0688, U+0689, U+068A, U+068B, U+068C, U+068D, U+068E, U+068F, U+0690, U+06EE, U+0759, U+075A, U+08AE

Feature | Sample | Feature setting
--- | --- | ---
Standard | د ذ ڈ ډ ڊ ڋ ڌ ڍ ڎ ڏ ڐ ۮ ݙ ݚ ࢮ | `cv12=0`
Alternate | د ذ ڈ ډ ڊ ڋ ڌ ڍ ڎ ڏ ڐ ۮ ݙ ݚ ࢮ | `cv12=1`

#### Sad/Dad

Affects: U+0635, U+0636, U+069D, U+069E, U+06FB, U+08AF

Feature | Sample | Feature setting
--- | --- | ---
Standard | ص صصص ض ضضض ڝ ڝڝڝ ڞ ڞڞڞ ࢯࢯࢯ ࢯ ۻ ۻۻۻ | `cv20=0`
Half | ص صصص ض ضضض ڝ ڝڝڝ ڞ ڞڞڞ ࢯࢯࢯ ࢯ ۻ ۻۻۻ | `cv20=1`

#### Meem

Affects: U+0645, U+0765, U+0766, U+08A7

Feature | Sample | Feature setting
--- | --- | ---
Standard | م ممم ݥ ݥݥݥ ݦ ݦݦݦ ࢧ ࢧࢧࢧ | `cv44=0`
Sindhi-style | م ممم ݥ ݥݥݥ ݦ ݦݦݦ ࢧ ࢧࢧࢧ | `cv44=1`

#### Heh

Affects: U+0647

Feature | Sample | Feature setting
--- | --- | ---
Standard | ه ههه | `cv48=0`
Kurdish-style | ه ههه | `cv48=3`
Sindhi-style | ه ههه | `cv48=1`
Urdu-style | ه ههه | `cv48=2`

#### Heh Doachashmee

Affects: U+06BE

Feature | Sample | Feature setting
--- | --- | ---
Standard | ھ ھھھ | `cv49=0`
Knotted | ھ ھھھ | `cv49=1`
Kurdish-style | ھ ھھھ | `cv49=3`

#### Kyrgyz OE

Affects: U+06C5

Feature | Sample | Feature setting
--- | --- | ---
Loop | ۅ | `cv51=0`
Bar | ۅ | `cv51=1`

#### Yeh Hamza

Affects: U+0626

Feature | Sample | Feature setting
--- | --- | ---
Standard | ئ ‍ئ | `cv54=0`
Right hamza | ئ ‍ئ | `cv54=1`

#### Maddah

Affects: U+0622, U+0627, U+0653, U+0653

Feature | Sample | Feature setting
--- | --- | ---
Small | آ آ ◌ٓ | `cv60=0`
Large | آ آ ◌ٓ | `cv60=1`

#### Shadda+kasra placement

Affects: U+064D, U+0650 with U+0651

Feature | Sample | Feature setting
--- | --- | ---
Default | بِّ ◌ِّ بٍّ ◌ٍّ | `cv62=0`
Lowered | بِّ ◌ِّ بٍّ ◌ٍّ | `cv62=1`
Raised | بِّ ◌ِّ بٍّ ◌ٍّ | `cv62=2`

#### Damma

Affects: U+064F

Feature | Sample | Feature setting
--- | --- | ---
Default | بُ ◌ُ | `cv70=0`
Filled | بُ ◌ُ | `cv70=1`
Short | بُ ◌ُ | `cv70=2`

#### Dammatan

Affects: U+064C

Feature | Sample | Feature setting
--- | --- | ---
Standard | بٌ ◌ٌ | `cv72=0`
Six-nine | بٌ ◌ٌ | `cv72=1`

#### Inverted Damma

Affects: U+0657

Feature | Sample | Feature setting
--- | --- | ---
Default | بٗ ◌ٗ | `cv74=0`
Hollow | بٗ ◌ٗ | `cv74=1`
Filled | بٗ ◌ٗ | `cv74=2`

#### Superscript Alef

Affects: U+0670 on all yeh, sad and seen-like characters U+0620, U+0626, U+0633, U+0634, U+0635, U+0636, U+063D, U+063E, U+063F, U+0649, U+064A, U+0678, U+069A, U+069B, U+069C, U+069D, U+069E, U+06CC, U+06CD, U+06CE, U+06D0, U+06D1, U+06FA, U+06FB, U+075C, U+076D, U+0770, U+077D, U+077E, U+0775, U+0776, U+0777, U+08A8, U+08A9, U+08AF, U+08BA

Feature | Sample | Feature setting
--- | --- | ---
Default | ؠٰ ؠٰؠٰ ئٰ ئٰئٰ سٰ سٰسٰ شٰ شٰشٰ صٰ صٰصٰ ضٰ ضٰضٰ ؽٰ ؽٰؽٰ ؾٰ ؾٰؾٰ ؿٰ ؿٰؿٰ ىٰ ىٰىٰ يٰ يٰيٰ ٸٰ ٸٰٸٰ ښٰ ښٰښٰ ڛٰ ڛٰڛٰ ڜٰ ڜٰڜٰ ڝٰ ڝٰڝٰ ڞٰ ڞٰڞٰ یٰ یٰیٰ ۍٰ بۍٰ ێٰ ێٰێٰ ېٰ ېٰېٰ ۑٰ ۑٰۑٰ ۺٰ ۺٰۺٰ ۻٰ ۻٰۻٰ ݜٰ ݜٰݜٰ ݭٰ ݭٰݭٰ ݰٰ ݰٰݰٰ ݽٰ ݽٰݽٰ ݾٰ ݾٰݾٰ ݵٰ ݵٰݵٰ ݶٰ ݶٰݶٰ ݷٰ ݷٰݷٰ ࢨٰ ࢨٰࢨٰ ࢩٰ ࢩٰࢩٰ ࢯٰ ࢯٰࢯٰ ࢺٰ ࢺٰࢺٰ | `cv76=0`
Large | ؠٰ ؠٰؠٰ ئٰ ئٰئٰ سٰ سٰسٰ شٰ شٰشٰ صٰ صٰصٰ ضٰ ضٰضٰ ؽٰ ؽٰؽٰ ؾٰ ؾٰؾٰ ؿٰ ؿٰؿٰ ىٰ ىٰىٰ يٰ يٰيٰ ٸٰ ٸٰٸٰ ښٰ ښٰښٰ ڛٰ ڛٰڛٰ ڜٰ ڜٰڜٰ ڝٰ ڝٰڝٰ ڞٰ ڞٰڞٰ یٰ یٰیٰ ۍٰ بۍٰ ێٰ ێٰێٰ ېٰ ېٰېٰ ۑٰ ۑٰۑٰ ۺٰ ۺٰۺٰ ۻٰ ۻٰۻٰ ݜٰ ݜٰݜٰ ݭٰ ݭٰݭٰ ݰٰ ݰٰݰٰ ݽٰ ݽٰݽٰ ݾٰ ݾٰݾٰ ݵٰ ݵٰݵٰ ݶٰ ݶٰݶٰ ݷٰ ݷٰݷٰ ࢨٰ ࢨٰࢨٰ ࢩٰ ࢩٰࢩٰ ࢯٰ ࢯٰࢯٰ ࢺٰ ࢺٰࢺٰ | `cv76=1`
Small | ؠٰ ؠٰؠٰ ئٰ ئٰئٰ سٰ سٰسٰ شٰ شٰشٰ صٰ صٰصٰ ضٰ ضٰضٰ ؽٰ ؽٰؽٰ ؾٰ ؾٰؾٰ ؿٰ ؿٰؿٰ ىٰ ىٰىٰ يٰ يٰيٰ ٸٰ ٸٰٸٰ ښٰ ښٰښٰ ڛٰ ڛٰڛٰ ڜٰ ڜٰڜٰ ڝٰ ڝٰڝٰ ڞٰ ڞٰڞٰ یٰ یٰیٰ ۍٰ بۍٰ ێٰ ێٰێٰ ېٰ ېٰېٰ ۑٰ ۑٰۑٰ ۺٰ ۺٰۺٰ ۻٰ ۻٰۻٰ ݜٰ ݜٰݜٰ ݭٰ ݭٰݭٰ ݰٰ ݰٰݰٰ ݽٰ ݽٰݽٰ ݾٰ ݾٰݾٰ ݵٰ ݵٰݵٰ ݶٰ ݶٰݶٰ ݷٰ ݷٰݷٰ ࢨٰ ࢨٰࢨٰ ࢩٰ ࢩٰࢩٰ ࢯٰ ࢯٰࢯٰ ࢺٰ ࢺٰࢺٰ | `cv76=2`

#### Sukun

Affects: U+0652

Feature | Sample | Feature setting
--- | --- | ---
Closed | بْ ◌ْ | `cv78=0`
Open down | بْ ◌ْ | `cv78=1`
Open left | بْ ◌ْ | `cv78=2`

#### End of ayah

Affects: U+06DD

Firefox allows you to use U+06DD followed by the digits and proper rendering occurs. Some applications require the following:

- precede the entire sequence (subtending mark plus following digits) with 202D LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE
- follow the entire sequence with U+202C POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING.

Surrounding the sequence with U+202D and U+202C seems to give the most reliable results in different browsers. However, we have not found a solution that works in Internet Explorer/Edge.

In the example below, the following codepoints are used: U+202D U+06DD U+0031 U+0032 U+0033 U+202C U+202D U+06DD U+0611 U+0622 U+0663 U+202C.

Feature | Sample | Feature setting
--- | --- | ---
Standard | ‭۝123‬ ‭۝١٢٣‬ | `cv80=0`
Simplified A | ‭۝123‬ ‭۝١٢٣‬ | `cv80=1`
Simplified B | ‭۝123‬ ‭۝١٢٣‬ | `cv80=2`

The DISPUTED END OF AYAH (U+08E2) is also now available in the font. It works in the same way as End of ayah.

‭࣢٣٤٥‬

#### Eastern digits

Affects: U+06F4, U+06F6, U+06F7

Feature | Sample | Feature setting
--- | --- | ---
Standard | ۴۶۷ | `cv82=0`
Kurdish-style | ۴۶۷ | `cv82=3`
Rohingya-style | ۴۶۷ | `cv82=4`
Sindhi-style | ۴۶۷ | `cv82=1`
Urdu-style | ۴۶۷ | `cv82=2`

#### Comma

Affects: U+060C, U+061B

Feature | Sample | Feature setting
--- | --- | ---
Upward | ، ؛ | `cv84=0`
Downward | ، ؛ | `cv84=1`

#### Decimal separator

Affects: U+066B

Feature | Sample | Feature setting
--- | --- | ---
Small reh | ٫ | `cv85=0`
Slash | ٫ | `cv85=1`

#### Line spacing

Allows for adjustment of the default line spacing in the font (values shown are ordered in increasing line spacing). This feature is only available with TypeTuner.

Feature |
--- | ---
Normal |
Loose |
1.0 Compatible Normal |
1.0 Compatible Loose |