/*
 *
 * Copyright 2019 gRPC authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 */

// Package advancedtls is a utility library containing functions to construct
// credentials.TransportCredentials that can perform credential reloading and
// custom verification check.
package advancedtls

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/tls"
	"crypto/x509"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"reflect"
	"syscall"
	"time"

	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/tls/certprovider"
	credinternal "google.golang.org/grpc/internal/credentials"
)

// VerificationFuncParams contains parameters available to users when
// implementing CustomVerificationFunc.
// The fields in this struct are read-only.
type VerificationFuncParams struct {
	// The target server name that the client connects to when establishing the
	// connection. This field is only meaningful for client side. On server side,
	// this field would be an empty string.
	ServerName string
	// The raw certificates sent from peer.
	RawCerts [][]byte
	// The verification chain obtained by checking peer RawCerts against the
	// trust certificate bundle(s), if applicable.
	VerifiedChains [][]*x509.Certificate
	// The leaf certificate sent from peer, if choosing to verify the peer
	// certificate(s) and that verification passed. This field would be nil if
	// either user chose not to verify or the verification failed.
	Leaf *x509.Certificate
}

// VerificationResults contains the information about results of
// CustomVerificationFunc.
// VerificationResults is an empty struct for now. It may be extended in the
// future to include more information.
type VerificationResults struct{}

// CustomVerificationFunc is the function defined by users to perform custom
// verification check.
// CustomVerificationFunc returns nil if the authorization fails; otherwise
// returns an empty struct.
type CustomVerificationFunc func(params *VerificationFuncParams) (*VerificationResults, error)

// GetRootCAsParams contains the parameters available to users when
// implementing GetRootCAs.
type GetRootCAsParams struct {
	RawConn  net.Conn
	RawCerts [][]byte
}

// GetRootCAsResults contains the results of GetRootCAs.
// If users want to reload the root trust certificate, it is required to return
// the proper TrustCerts in GetRootCAs.
type GetRootCAsResults struct {
	TrustCerts *x509.CertPool
}

// RootCertificateOptions contains options to obtain root trust certificates
// for both the client and the server.
// At most one option could be set. If none of them are set, we
// use the system default trust certificates.
type RootCertificateOptions struct {
	// If RootCACerts is set, it will be used every time when verifying
	// the peer certificates, without performing root certificate reloading.
	RootCACerts *x509.CertPool
	// If GetRootCertificates is set, it will be invoked to obtain root certs for
	// every new connection.
	GetRootCertificates func(params *GetRootCAsParams) (*GetRootCAsResults, error)
	// If RootProvider is set, we will use the root certs from the Provider's
	// KeyMaterial() call in the new connections. The Provider must have initial
	// credentials if specified. Otherwise, KeyMaterial() will block forever.
	RootProvider certprovider.Provider
}

// nonNilFieldCount returns the number of set fields in RootCertificateOptions.
func (o RootCertificateOptions) nonNilFieldCount() int {
	cnt := 0
	rv := reflect.ValueOf(o)
	for i := 0; i < rv.NumField(); i++ {
		if !rv.Field(i).IsNil() {
			cnt++
		}
	}
	return cnt
}

// IdentityCertificateOptions contains options to obtain identity certificates
// for both the client and the server.
// At most one option could be set.
type IdentityCertificateOptions struct {
	// If Certificates is set, it will be used every time when needed to present
	//identity certificates, without performing identity certificate reloading.
	Certificates []tls.Certificate
	// If GetIdentityCertificatesForClient is set, it will be invoked to obtain
	// identity certs for every new connection.
	// This field MUST be set on client side.
	GetIdentityCertificatesForClient func(*tls.CertificateRequestInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error)
	// If GetIdentityCertificatesForServer is set, it will be invoked to obtain
	// identity certs for every new connection.
	// This field MUST be set on server side.
	GetIdentityCertificatesForServer func(*tls.ClientHelloInfo) ([]*tls.Certificate, error)
	// If IdentityProvider is set, we will use the identity certs from the
	// Provider's KeyMaterial() call in the new connections. The Provider must
	// have initial credentials if specified. Otherwise, KeyMaterial() will block
	// forever.
	IdentityProvider certprovider.Provider
}

// nonNilFieldCount returns the number of set fields in IdentityCertificateOptions.
func (o IdentityCertificateOptions) nonNilFieldCount() int {
	cnt := 0
	rv := reflect.ValueOf(o)
	for i := 0; i < rv.NumField(); i++ {
		if !rv.Field(i).IsNil() {
			cnt++
		}
	}
	return cnt
}

// VerificationType is the enum type that represents different levels of
// verification users could set, both on client side and on server side.
type VerificationType int

const (
	// CertAndHostVerification indicates doing both certificate signature check
	// and hostname check.
	CertAndHostVerification VerificationType = iota
	// CertVerification indicates doing certificate signature check only. Setting
	// this field without proper custom verification check would leave the
	// application susceptible to the MITM attack.
	CertVerification
	// SkipVerification indicates skipping both certificate signature check and
	// hostname check. If setting this field, proper custom verification needs to
	// be implemented in order to complete the authentication. Setting this field
	// with a nil custom verification would raise an error.
	SkipVerification
)

// ClientOptions contains the fields needed to be filled by the client.
type ClientOptions struct {
	// IdentityOptions is OPTIONAL on client side. This field only needs to be
	// set if mutual authentication is required on server side.
	IdentityOptions IdentityCertificateOptions
	// VerifyPeer is a custom verification check after certificate signature
	// check.
	// If this is set, we will perform this customized check after doing the
	// normal check(s) indicated by setting VType.
	VerifyPeer CustomVerificationFunc
	// ServerNameOverride is for testing only. If set to a non-empty string,
	// it will override the virtual host name of authority (e.g. :authority
	// header field) in requests.
	ServerNameOverride string
	// RootOptions is OPTIONAL on client side. If not set, we will try to use the
	// default trust certificates in users' OS system.
	RootOptions RootCertificateOptions
	// VType is the verification type on the client side.
	VType VerificationType
}

// ServerOptions contains the fields needed to be filled by the server.
type ServerOptions struct {
	// IdentityOptions is REQUIRED on server side.
	IdentityOptions IdentityCertificateOptions
	// VerifyPeer is a custom verification check after certificate signature
	// check.
	// If this is set, we will perform this customized check after doing the
	// normal check(s) indicated by setting VType.
	VerifyPeer CustomVerificationFunc
	// RootOptions is OPTIONAL on server side. This field only needs to be set if
	// mutual authentication is required(RequireClientCert is true).
	RootOptions RootCertificateOptions
	// If the server want the client to send certificates.
	RequireClientCert bool
	// VType is the verification type on the server side.
	VType VerificationType
}

func (o *ClientOptions) config() (*tls.Config, error) {
	if o.VType == SkipVerification && o.VerifyPeer == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("client needs to provide custom verification mechanism if choose to skip default verification")
	}
	// Make sure users didn't specify more than one fields in
	// RootCertificateOptions and IdentityCertificateOptions.
	if num := o.RootOptions.nonNilFieldCount(); num > 1 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("at most one field in RootCertificateOptions could be specified")
	}
	if num := o.IdentityOptions.nonNilFieldCount(); num > 1 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("at most one field in IdentityCertificateOptions could be specified")
	}
	if o.IdentityOptions.GetIdentityCertificatesForServer != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetIdentityCertificatesForServer cannot be specified on the client side")
	}
	config := &tls.Config{
		ServerName: o.ServerNameOverride,
		// We have to set InsecureSkipVerify to true to skip the default checks and
		// use the verification function we built from buildVerifyFunc.
		InsecureSkipVerify: true,
	}
	// Propagate root-certificate-related fields in tls.Config.
	switch {
	case o.RootOptions.RootCACerts != nil:
		config.RootCAs = o.RootOptions.RootCACerts
	case o.RootOptions.GetRootCertificates != nil:
		// In cases when users provide GetRootCertificates callback, since this
		// callback is not contained in tls.Config, we have nothing to set here.
		// We will invoke the callback in ClientHandshake.
	case o.RootOptions.RootProvider != nil:
		o.RootOptions.GetRootCertificates = func(*GetRootCAsParams) (*GetRootCAsResults, error) {
			km, err := o.RootOptions.RootProvider.KeyMaterial(context.Background())
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			return &GetRootCAsResults{TrustCerts: km.Roots}, nil
		}
	default:
		// No root certificate options specified by user. Use the certificates
		// stored in system default path as the last resort.
		if o.VType != SkipVerification {
			systemRootCAs, err := x509.SystemCertPool()
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			config.RootCAs = systemRootCAs
		}
	}
	// Propagate identity-certificate-related fields in tls.Config.
	switch {
	case o.IdentityOptions.Certificates != nil:
		config.Certificates = o.IdentityOptions.Certificates
	case o.IdentityOptions.GetIdentityCertificatesForClient != nil:
		config.GetClientCertificate = o.IdentityOptions.GetIdentityCertificatesForClient
	case o.IdentityOptions.IdentityProvider != nil:
		config.GetClientCertificate = func(*tls.CertificateRequestInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error) {
			km, err := o.IdentityOptions.IdentityProvider.KeyMaterial(context.Background())
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			if len(km.Certs) != 1 {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("there should always be only one identity cert chain on the client side in IdentityProvider")
			}
			return &km.Certs[0], nil
		}
	default:
		// It's fine for users to not specify identity certificate options here.
	}
	return config, nil
}

func (o *ServerOptions) config() (*tls.Config, error) {
	if o.RequireClientCert && o.VType == SkipVerification && o.VerifyPeer == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("server needs to provide custom verification mechanism if choose to skip default verification, but require client certificate(s)")
	}
	// Make sure users didn't specify more than one fields in
	// RootCertificateOptions and IdentityCertificateOptions.
	if num := o.RootOptions.nonNilFieldCount(); num > 1 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("at most one field in RootCertificateOptions could be specified")
	}
	if num := o.IdentityOptions.nonNilFieldCount(); num > 1 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("at most one field in IdentityCertificateOptions could be specified")
	}
	if o.IdentityOptions.GetIdentityCertificatesForClient != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetIdentityCertificatesForClient cannot be specified on the server side")
	}
	clientAuth := tls.NoClientCert
	if o.RequireClientCert {
		// We have to set clientAuth to RequireAnyClientCert to force underlying
		// TLS package to use the verification function we built from
		// buildVerifyFunc.
		clientAuth = tls.RequireAnyClientCert
	}
	config := &tls.Config{
		ClientAuth: clientAuth,
	}
	// Propagate root-certificate-related fields in tls.Config.
	switch {
	case o.RootOptions.RootCACerts != nil:
		config.ClientCAs = o.RootOptions.RootCACerts
	case o.RootOptions.GetRootCertificates != nil:
		// In cases when users provide GetRootCertificates callback, since this
		// callback is not contained in tls.Config, we have nothing to set here.
		// We will invoke the callback in ServerHandshake.
	case o.RootOptions.RootProvider != nil:
		o.RootOptions.GetRootCertificates = func(*GetRootCAsParams) (*GetRootCAsResults, error) {
			km, err := o.RootOptions.RootProvider.KeyMaterial(context.Background())
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			return &GetRootCAsResults{TrustCerts: km.Roots}, nil
		}
	default:
		// No root certificate options specified by user. Use the certificates
		// stored in system default path as the last resort.
		if o.VType != SkipVerification && o.RequireClientCert {
			systemRootCAs, err := x509.SystemCertPool()
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			config.ClientCAs = systemRootCAs
		}
	}
	// Propagate identity-certificate-related fields in tls.Config.
	switch {
	case o.IdentityOptions.Certificates != nil:
		config.Certificates = o.IdentityOptions.Certificates
	case o.IdentityOptions.GetIdentityCertificatesForServer != nil:
		config.GetCertificate = func(clientHello *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error) {
			return buildGetCertificates(clientHello, o)
		}
	case o.IdentityOptions.IdentityProvider != nil:
		o.IdentityOptions.GetIdentityCertificatesForServer = func(*tls.ClientHelloInfo) ([]*tls.Certificate, error) {
			km, err := o.IdentityOptions.IdentityProvider.KeyMaterial(context.Background())
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			var certChains []*tls.Certificate
			for i := 0; i < len(km.Certs); i++ {
				certChains = append(certChains, &km.Certs[i])
			}
			return certChains, nil
		}
		config.GetCertificate = func(clientHello *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error) {
			return buildGetCertificates(clientHello, o)
		}
	default:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("needs to specify at least one field in IdentityCertificateOptions")
	}
	return config, nil
}

// advancedTLSCreds is the credentials required for authenticating a connection
// using TLS.
type advancedTLSCreds struct {
	config     *tls.Config
	verifyFunc CustomVerificationFunc
	getRootCAs func(params *GetRootCAsParams) (*GetRootCAsResults, error)
	isClient   bool
	vType      VerificationType
}

func (c advancedTLSCreds) Info() credentials.ProtocolInfo {
	return credentials.ProtocolInfo{
		SecurityProtocol: "tls",
		SecurityVersion:  "1.2",
		ServerName:       c.config.ServerName,
	}
}

func (c *advancedTLSCreds) ClientHandshake(ctx context.Context, authority string, rawConn net.Conn) (net.Conn, credentials.AuthInfo, error) {
	// Use local cfg to avoid clobbering ServerName if using multiple endpoints.
	cfg := cloneTLSConfig(c.config)
	// We return the full authority name to users if ServerName is empty without
	// stripping the trailing port.
	if cfg.ServerName == "" {
		cfg.ServerName = authority
	}
	cfg.VerifyPeerCertificate = buildVerifyFunc(c, cfg.ServerName, rawConn)
	conn := tls.Client(rawConn, cfg)
	errChannel := make(chan error, 1)
	go func() {
		errChannel <- conn.Handshake()
		close(errChannel)
	}()
	select {
	case err := <-errChannel:
		if err != nil {
			conn.Close()
			return nil, nil, err
		}
	case <-ctx.Done():
		conn.Close()
		return nil, nil, ctx.Err()
	}
	info := credentials.TLSInfo{
		State: conn.ConnectionState(),
		CommonAuthInfo: credentials.CommonAuthInfo{
			SecurityLevel: credentials.PrivacyAndIntegrity,
		},
	}
	info.SPIFFEID = credinternal.SPIFFEIDFromState(conn.ConnectionState())
	return WrapSyscallConn(rawConn, conn), info, nil
}

func (c *advancedTLSCreds) ServerHandshake(rawConn net.Conn) (net.Conn, credentials.AuthInfo, error) {
	cfg := cloneTLSConfig(c.config)
	cfg.VerifyPeerCertificate = buildVerifyFunc(c, "", rawConn)
	conn := tls.Server(rawConn, cfg)
	if err := conn.Handshake(); err != nil {
		conn.Close()
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	info := credentials.TLSInfo{
		State: conn.ConnectionState(),
		CommonAuthInfo: credentials.CommonAuthInfo{
			SecurityLevel: credentials.PrivacyAndIntegrity,
		},
	}
	info.SPIFFEID = credinternal.SPIFFEIDFromState(conn.ConnectionState())
	return WrapSyscallConn(rawConn, conn), info, nil
}

func (c *advancedTLSCreds) Clone() credentials.TransportCredentials {
	return &advancedTLSCreds{
		config:     cloneTLSConfig(c.config),
		verifyFunc: c.verifyFunc,
		getRootCAs: c.getRootCAs,
		isClient:   c.isClient,
	}
}

func (c *advancedTLSCreds) OverrideServerName(serverNameOverride string) error {
	c.config.ServerName = serverNameOverride
	return nil
}

// The function buildVerifyFunc is used when users want root cert reloading,
// and possibly custom verification check.
// We have to build our own verification function here because current
// tls module:
//   1. does not have a good support on root cert reloading.
//   2. will ignore basic certificate check when setting InsecureSkipVerify
//   to true.
func buildVerifyFunc(c *advancedTLSCreds,
	serverName string,
	rawConn net.Conn) func(rawCerts [][]byte, verifiedChains [][]*x509.Certificate) error {
	return func(rawCerts [][]byte, verifiedChains [][]*x509.Certificate) error {
		chains := verifiedChains
		var leafCert *x509.Certificate
		if c.vType == CertAndHostVerification || c.vType == CertVerification {
			// perform possible trust credential reloading and certificate check
			rootCAs := c.config.RootCAs
			if !c.isClient {
				rootCAs = c.config.ClientCAs
			}
			// Reload root CA certs.
			if rootCAs == nil && c.getRootCAs != nil {
				results, err := c.getRootCAs(&GetRootCAsParams{
					RawConn:  rawConn,
					RawCerts: rawCerts,
				})
				if err != nil {
					return err
				}
				rootCAs = results.TrustCerts
			}
			// Verify peers' certificates against RootCAs and get verifiedChains.
			certs := make([]*x509.Certificate, len(rawCerts))
			for i, asn1Data := range rawCerts {
				cert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(asn1Data)
				if err != nil {
					return err
				}
				certs[i] = cert
			}
			keyUsages := []x509.ExtKeyUsage{x509.ExtKeyUsageServerAuth}
			if !c.isClient {
				keyUsages = []x509.ExtKeyUsage{x509.ExtKeyUsageClientAuth}
			}
			opts := x509.VerifyOptions{
				Roots:         rootCAs,
				CurrentTime:   time.Now(),
				Intermediates: x509.NewCertPool(),
				KeyUsages:     keyUsages,
			}
			for _, cert := range certs[1:] {
				opts.Intermediates.AddCert(cert)
			}
			// Perform default hostname check if specified.
			if c.isClient && c.vType == CertAndHostVerification && serverName != "" {
				opts.DNSName = serverName
			}
			var err error
			chains, err = certs[0].Verify(opts)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			leafCert = certs[0]
		}
		// Perform custom verification check if specified.
		if c.verifyFunc != nil {
			_, err := c.verifyFunc(&VerificationFuncParams{
				ServerName:     serverName,
				RawCerts:       rawCerts,
				VerifiedChains: chains,
				Leaf:           leafCert,
			})
			return err
		}
		return nil
	}
}

// NewClientCreds uses ClientOptions to construct a TransportCredentials based
// on TLS.
func NewClientCreds(o *ClientOptions) (credentials.TransportCredentials, error) {
	conf, err := o.config()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	tc := &advancedTLSCreds{
		config:     conf,
		isClient:   true,
		getRootCAs: o.RootOptions.GetRootCertificates,
		verifyFunc: o.VerifyPeer,
		vType:      o.VType,
	}
	tc.config.NextProtos = appendH2ToNextProtos(tc.config.NextProtos)
	return tc, nil
}

// NewServerCreds uses ServerOptions to construct a TransportCredentials based
// on TLS.
func NewServerCreds(o *ServerOptions) (credentials.TransportCredentials, error) {
	conf, err := o.config()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	tc := &advancedTLSCreds{
		config:     conf,
		isClient:   false,
		getRootCAs: o.RootOptions.GetRootCertificates,
		verifyFunc: o.VerifyPeer,
		vType:      o.VType,
	}
	tc.config.NextProtos = appendH2ToNextProtos(tc.config.NextProtos)
	return tc, nil
}

// TODO(ZhenLian): The code below are duplicates with gRPC-Go under
//                 credentials/internal. Consider refactoring in the future.
const alpnProtoStrH2 = "h2"

func appendH2ToNextProtos(ps []string) []string {
	for _, p := range ps {
		if p == alpnProtoStrH2 {
			return ps
		}
	}
	ret := make([]string, 0, len(ps)+1)
	ret = append(ret, ps...)
	return append(ret, alpnProtoStrH2)
}

// We give syscall.Conn a new name here since syscall.Conn and net.Conn used
// below have the same names.
type sysConn = syscall.Conn

// syscallConn keeps reference of rawConn to support syscall.Conn for channelz.
// SyscallConn() (the method in interface syscall.Conn) is explicitly
// implemented on this type,
//
// Interface syscall.Conn is implemented by most net.Conn implementations (e.g.
// TCPConn, UnixConn), but is not part of net.Conn interface. So wrapper conns
// that embed net.Conn don't implement syscall.Conn. (Side note: tls.Conn
// doesn't embed net.Conn, so even if syscall.Conn is part of net.Conn, it won't
// help here).
type syscallConn struct {
	net.Conn
	// sysConn is a type alias of syscall.Conn. It's necessary because the name
	// `Conn` collides with `net.Conn`.
	sysConn
}

// WrapSyscallConn tries to wrap rawConn and newConn into a net.Conn that
// implements syscall.Conn. rawConn will be used to support syscall, and newConn
// will be used for read/write.
//
// This function returns newConn if rawConn doesn't implement syscall.Conn.
func WrapSyscallConn(rawConn, newConn net.Conn) net.Conn {
	sysConn, ok := rawConn.(syscall.Conn)
	if !ok {
		return newConn
	}
	return &syscallConn{
		Conn:    newConn,
		sysConn: sysConn,
	}
}

func cloneTLSConfig(cfg *tls.Config) *tls.Config {
	if cfg == nil {
		return &tls.Config{}
	}
	return cfg.Clone()
}
