The Gradle team is pleased to announce Gradle 4.4.

First and foremost, this release of Gradle features some exciting improvements for IDE users:

 * [Visual Studio 2017 is now supported](#visual-studio-2017-support). Please read details about `vswhere` and [VS toolchain discovery changes](#changes-to-visual-studio-toolchain-discovery) if you plan to use Gradle with VS 2017.
 * The `eclipse` plugin now provides separate output folders. This allows Eclipse plugins to provide more sophisticated classpath management. [Buildship 2.2](https://projects.eclipse.org/projects/tools.buildship/reviews/2.2.0-release-review) will take advantage of this feature to avoid one large global classpath when running Java applications or executing tests in Eclipse IDE.

![Editing a Gradle Build for a C++ Library in Visual Studio 2017](data:image/png;base64,[encoded data, 100016 characters])

No discussion about IDE support for Gradle would be complete without mentioning improvements to the Kotlin DSL. Version 0.13 is included in Gradle 4.4 and provides support for writing `settings.gradle.kts` files, Kotlin standard library extensions to the Java 7 and Java 8 APIs for use in build scripts, improvements to the `plugins {}` DSL, and more! See the [Kotlin DSL 0.13 release notes](https://github.com/gradle/kotlin-dsl/releases/tag/v0.13.1) for more details.

This version of Gradle supports version ranges in parent elements of a POM. You can see an [example below](#support-version-ranges-in-parent-elements).

C and C++ developers will enjoy better [incremental builds and build cache support for C/C++](#c/c++-incremental-build-improvements) because this version of Gradle takes compiler version and system headers into account for up-to-date checks. 

This version of Gradle fully supports the combination of Play 2.6 and Scala 2.12, with improvements and fixes to `runPlayBinary`, the distributed Play start script, and [other improvements](#improved-play-2.6-support).

Previous versions of Gradle required that all transitive dependencies of a given plugin were present in the same repository as the plugin. Gradle 4.4 takes all plugin repositories into account and can resolve transitive plugin dependencies across them. Learn about this and other plugin repository handling improvements [in the details](#plugin-repositories-enhancements). 

Last but not least, [several 3rd party dependencies](#upgrade-of-third-party-dependencies) including Ant were updated to their latest versions containing security and other bug fixes.

## New and noteworthy

Here are the new features introduced in this Gradle release.

### Eclipse plugin separates output folders

The `eclipse` plugin now defines separate output directories for each source folder. This ensures that main and test classes are compiled to different directories. 

The plugin also records which Eclipse classpath entries are needed for running classes from each source folder through the new `gradle_scope` and `gradle_used_by_scope` attributes. Future [Buildship](http://eclipse.org/buildship) versions will use this information to provide a more accurate classpath when launching applications and tests.

### Visual Studio 2017 support

It is now possible to compile native applications with the Visual C++ toolchain packaged with all versions of Visual Studio 2017.
  Note that discovery of a Visual Studio 2017 installation requires the [vswhere utility](https://github.com/Microsoft/vswhere).  Visual Studio 2017 versions earlier than update 2 do not install `vswhere` automatically, and so to use one of these earlier versions of Visual Studio 2017 when `vswhere` is not installed, you'll need to set [the installation directory on the VisualCpp toolchain](userguide/native_software.html#sec:defining_tool_chains).
  
### Parametrized tooling model builders

The Tooling API now allows model builders to accept parameters from the tooling client. This is useful when there are multiple possible mappings from the Gradle project to the tooling model and the decision depends on some user-provided value.

Android Studio, for instance, will use this API to request just the dependencies for the variant that the user currently selected in the UI. This will greatly reduce synchronization times.

For more information see the [documentation](javadoc/org/gradle/tooling/provider/model/ParameterizedToolingModelBuilder.html) of the new API.

### Support version ranges in parent elements

When resolving an external dependency from Maven repository, Gradle now supports version ranges in a `parent` element of a POM, which was introduced by Maven 3.2.2. The following is now permissible:

    <project>
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      <parent>
        <groupId>org.apache</groupId>
        <artifactId>apache</artifactId>
        <version>[3.0,4.0)</version>
      </parent>
      <groupId>org.apache.maven.its.mng2199</groupId>
      <artifactId>valid</artifactId>
      <version>1</version>
      <packaging>pom</packaging>
    </project>
  
### C/C++ incremental build improvements

C/C++ compilation now takes system headers, and the compiler vendor and version into account, making it safer to use those tasks with incremental build and [experimental native caching](userguide/build_cache.html#sec:task_output_caching_native_tasks).

Before Gradle 4.4 changing the compiler did not make the compilation task out of date, even though different compilers may produce different outputs.
Changing system headers were not detected either, so updating a system library would not have caused recompilation.

### Improved Play 2.6 support

This version of Gradle improves the `runPlayBinary` task to work with Play 2.6.

* The combination of Play 2.6 and Scala 2.12 should now have full support
* Play plugin's `dist` task fixes the generated start script

You can read more in the improved [Play plugin user guide chapter](userguide/play_plugin.html). Special thanks to [Marcos Pereira](https://github.com/marcospereira) for extraordinary contributions here.

### Plugin repositories enhancements

#### Plugin repositories declared in a settings script can now have custom names

    // settings.gradle
    pluginManagement {
        repositories {
            maven {
                name = "My Custom Plugin Repository"
                url = "https://..."
            }
        }
    }

#### Explicit notation for common repositories can now be used in settings scripts:

    // settings.gradle
    pluginManagement {
        repositories {
            gradlePluginPortal()
            jcenter()
            google()
            mavenCentral()
        }
    }

#### Gradle Plugin resolution changes

Plugin resolution now takes all plugin repositories into account and can resolve transitive plugin dependencies across them. Previous versions of Gradle required that all transitive dependencies of a given plugin were present in the same repository as the plugin.

#### Build scripts can declare Gradle Plugin Portal

Finally, the Gradle Plugin Portal repository can now be added to build scripts. This is particularly useful for `buildSrc` or binary plugin builds:

    // build.gradle
    repositories {
        gradlePluginPortal()
    }

### Use of canonical URL for `mavenCentral()` repository URL

In previous versions of Gradle the URL referred to by `RepositoryHandler.mavenCentral()` was pointing to `https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/`. Sonatype recommends using the canonical URL `https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/` instead. This version of Gradle makes the switch to `repo.maven.apache.org` when using the `mavenCentral()` API to avoid SSL errors due to [MVNCENTRAL-2870](https://issues.sonatype.org/browse/MVNCENTRAL-2870).

### Provider API documentation

In this release, the Gradle team added a new chapter in the user guide documenting the [Provider API](userguide/lazy_configuration.html).

### Task validation disallows input/output annotations on private getters

Annotating private task properties will not be allowed in Gradle 5.0.
To prepare for this, Gradle 4.4 will warn about annotations on private properties.
The warning is visible when building the task with the [`java-gradle-plugin`](userguide/javaGradle_plugin.html) applied:

    Task property validation finished with warnings:
    - Warning: Task type 'MyTask': property 'inputFile' is private and annotated with an input or output annotation

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## Promoted features

Promoted features are features that were incubating in previous versions of Gradle but are now supported and subject to backwards compatibility.
See the User guide section on the “[Feature Lifecycle](userguide/feature_lifecycle.html)” for more information.

The following are the features that have been promoted in this Gradle release.

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## Fixed issues

## Deprecations

Features that have become superseded or irrelevant due to the natural evolution of Gradle become *deprecated*, and scheduled to be removed
in the next major Gradle version (Gradle 5.0). See the User guide section on the “[Feature Lifecycle](userguide/feature_lifecycle.html)” for more information.

The following are the newly deprecated items in this Gradle release. If you have concerns about a deprecation, please raise it via the [Gradle Forums](https://discuss.gradle.org).

### Deprecation of no-rebuild command line options 

The command line options for avoiding a full rebuild of dependent projects in a multi-project builds (`-a`/`--no-rebuild`) were introduced in a very early version of Gradle. 
Since then Gradle optimized its up-to-date checking for project dependencies which renders the option obsolete. It has been deprecated and will be removed in Gradle 5.0.

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## Potential breaking changes

### Change to the `Test` task structure

Common test framework functionality in the `Test` task moved to `AbstractTestTask`. Be aware that `AbstractTestTask` is the new base class for the `Test` task. The `AbstractTestTask` will be used by test frameworks outside of the JVM ecosystem. Plugins configuring an `AbstractTestTask` will find tasks for test frameworks (e.g., XCTest, Google Test, etc.).

### Changes in the `eclipse` plugin

The default output location in [EclipseClasspath](dsl/org.gradle.plugins.ide.eclipse.model.EclipseClasspath.html#org.gradle.plugins.ide.eclipse.model.EclipseClasspath:defaultOutputDir) changed from `${project.projectDir}/bin` to `${project.projectDir}/bin/default`.

### Removal of `@Incubating` methods

- `org.gradle.nativeplatform.tasks.InstallExecutable.setDestinationDir(Provider<? extends Directory>)` was removed. Use `org.gradle.nativeplatform.tasks.InstallExecutable.getInstallDirectory()` instead.
- `org.gradle.nativeplatform.tasks.InstallExecutable.setExecutable(Provider<? extends RegularFile>)` was removed. Use `org.gradle.nativeplatform.tasks.InstallExecutable.getSourceFile()` instead.

### Changes to Visual Studio toolchain discovery

In previous versions, Gradle would prefer a version of Visual Studio found on the path over versions discovered through any other 
means.  It will now consider a version found on the path only if a version is not found in the registry or through executing 
the [vswhere](https://github.com/Microsoft/vswhere) utility (i.e. it will consider the path only as a last resort).  In order to 
force a particular version of Visual Studio to be used, configure the [installation directory](dsl/org.gradle.nativeplatform.toolchain.VisualCpp.html#org.gradle.nativeplatform.toolchain.VisualCpp:installDir) on the Visual Studio toolchain.

### Upgrade of third-party dependencies

This version includes several upgrades of third-party dependencies:

- `jackson`: `2.6.6` -> `2.8.9` 
- `plexus-utils`: `2.0.6` -> `2.1` 
- `xercesImpl`: `2.9.1` -> `2.11.0` 
- `bsh`: `2.0b4` -> `2.0b6` 
- `bouncycastle`: `1.57` -> `1.58`

to fix the following security issues:

- [CVE-2017-7525](http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-7525) (critical)
- SONATYPE-2017-0359 (critical)
- SONATYPE-2017-0355 (critical)
- SONATYPE-2017-0398 (critical)
- [CVE-2013-4002](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2013-4002) (critical)
- [CVE-2016-2510](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2016-2510) (severe)
- SONATYPE-2016-0397 (severe)
- [CVE-2009-2625](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2009-2625) (severe)
- SONATYPE-2017-0348 (severe)

Gradle does not expose public APIs for these 3rd-party dependencies, but those who customize Gradle will want to be aware.

### Ant version upgraded to Ant 1.9.9

Gradle has been upgraded to embed Ant 1.9.9 over Ant 1.9.6.

### Avoid checking other repositories when dependency resolution in one repository fails with HTTP status code in the 500 range

The HTTP status codes 5xx can be considered unrecoverable server states. Gradle will explicitly rethrow exceptions which occur in dependency resolution instead of quietly continue to the next repository similar to timeout issues introduced in Gradle 4.3.

### The type of `pluginManagement.repositories` changed

Before Gradle 4.4 it was a `PluginRepositoriesSpec`. This type has been removed and `pluginManagement.repositories` is now a regular `RepositoryHandler`.

## External contributions

We would like to thank the following community members for making contributions to this release of Gradle.

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- [Marcos Pereira](https://github.com/marcospereira) — Several improvements to Play 2.6 and Scala 2.12 support (gradle/gradle#3018, gradle/gradle#3314 and gradle/gradle#3315)
- [Lucas Smaira](https://github.com/lsmaira) - Support parametrized Tooling model builders (gradle/gradle#2729)
- [Kyle Moore](https://github.com/DPUkyle) - Updated Gosu plugin to fix API breakage (gradle/gradle#3115)
- [Kyle Moore](https://github.com/DPUkyle) - Filter non-file URLs when getting classpath from `ClassLoader` (gradle/gradle#3224)
- [Jaci Brunning](https://github.com/JacisNonsense) - Support for overriding target platforms on Gcc toolchains (gradle/gradle#3124)
- [Joel Vasallo](https://github.com/jvasallo) - Use canonical URL for Maven Central repository shortcut method (gradle/gradle#3464)
- [Chris Dore](https://github.com/oesolutions) - Fix typo in lazy configuration section of user guide (gradle/gradle#3602)

We love getting contributions from the Gradle community. For information on contributing, please see [gradle.org/contribute](https://gradle.org/contribute).

## Known issues

Known issues are problems that were discovered post release that are directly related to changes made in this release.
