// © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
// License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html
/**
*******************************************************************************
* Copyright (C) 2005-2016, International Business Machines Corporation and    *
* others. All Rights Reserved.                                                *
*******************************************************************************
*/
package com.ibm.icu.text;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;


/**
 * <code>CharsetDetector</code> provides a facility for detecting the
 * charset or encoding of character data in an unknown format.
 * The input data can either be from an input stream or an array of bytes.
 * The result of the detection operation is a list of possibly matching
 * charsets, or, for simple use, you can just ask for a Java Reader that
 * will will work over the input data.
 * <p>
 * Character set detection is at best an imprecise operation.  The detection
 * process will attempt to identify the charset that best matches the characteristics
 * of the byte data, but the process is partly statistical in nature, and
 * the results can not be guaranteed to always be correct.
 * <p>
 * For best accuracy in charset detection, the input data should be primarily
 * in a single language, and a minimum of a few hundred bytes worth of plain text
 * in the language are needed.  The detection process will attempt to
 * ignore html or xml style markup that could otherwise obscure the content.
 * <p>
 * @stable ICU 3.4
 */
public class CharsetDetector {

//   Question: Should we have getters corresponding to the setters for input text
//   and declared encoding?

//   A thought: If we were to create our own type of Java Reader, we could defer
//   figuring out an actual charset for data that starts out with too much English
//   only ASCII until the user actually read through to something that didn't look
//   like 7 bit English.  If  nothing else ever appeared, we would never need to
//   actually choose the "real" charset.  All assuming that the application just
//   wants the data, and doesn't care about a char set name.

    /**
     *   Constructor
     * 
     * @stable ICU 3.4
     */
    public CharsetDetector() {
    }

    /**
     * Set the declared encoding for charset detection.
     *  The declared encoding of an input text is an encoding obtained
     *  from an http header or xml declaration or similar source that
     *  can be provided as additional information to the charset detector.  
     *  A match between a declared encoding and a possible detected encoding
     *  will raise the quality of that detected encoding by a small delta,
     *  and will also appear as a "reason" for the match.
     * <p>
     * A declared encoding that is incompatible with the input data being
     * analyzed will not be added to the list of possible encodings.
     * 
     *  @param encoding The declared encoding 
     *
     * @stable ICU 3.4
     */
    public CharsetDetector setDeclaredEncoding(String encoding) {
        fDeclaredEncoding = encoding;
        return this;
    }
    
    /**
     * Set the input text (byte) data whose charset is to be detected.
     * 
     * @param in the input text of unknown encoding
     * 
     * @return This CharsetDetector
     *
     * @stable ICU 3.4
     */
    public CharsetDetector setText(byte [] in) {
        fRawInput  = in;
        fRawLength = in.length;
        
        return this;
    }
    
    private static final int kBufSize = 8000;

    /**
     * Set the input text (byte) data whose charset is to be detected.
     *  <p>
     *   The input stream that supplies the character data must have markSupported()
     *   == true; the charset detection process will read a small amount of data,
     *   then return the stream to its original position via
     *   the InputStream.reset() operation.  The exact amount that will
     *   be read depends on the characteristics of the data itself.
     *
     * @param in the input text of unknown encoding
     * 
     * @return This CharsetDetector
     *
     * @stable ICU 3.4
     */
    
    public CharsetDetector setText(InputStream in) throws IOException {
        fInputStream = in;
        fInputStream.mark(kBufSize);
        fRawInput = new byte[kBufSize];   // Always make a new buffer because the
                                          //   previous one may have come from the caller,
                                          //   in which case we can't touch it.
        fRawLength = 0;
        int remainingLength = kBufSize;
        while (remainingLength > 0 ) {
            // read() may give data in smallish chunks, esp. for remote sources.  Hence, this loop.
            int  bytesRead = fInputStream.read(fRawInput, fRawLength, remainingLength);
            if (bytesRead <= 0) {
                 break;
            }
            fRawLength += bytesRead;
            remainingLength -= bytesRead;
        }
        fInputStream.reset();
        
        return this;
    }

  
    /**
     * Return the charset that best matches the supplied input data.
     * 
     * Note though, that because the detection 
     * only looks at the start of the input data,
     * there is a possibility that the returned charset will fail to handle
     * the full set of input data.
     * <p>
     * Raise an exception if 
     *  <ul>
     *    <li>no charset appears to match the data.</li>
     *    <li>no input text has been provided</li>
     *  </ul>
     *
     * @return a CharsetMatch object representing the best matching charset, or
     *         <code>null</code> if there are no matches.
     *
     * @stable ICU 3.4
     */
    public CharsetMatch detect() {
//   TODO:  A better implementation would be to copy the detect loop from
//          detectAll(), and cut it short as soon as a match with a high confidence
//          is found.  This is something to be done later, after things are otherwise
//          working.
        CharsetMatch matches[] = detectAll();
        
        if (matches == null || matches.length == 0) {
            return null;
        }
        
        return matches[0];
     }
    
    /**
     *  Return an array of all charsets that appear to be plausible
     *  matches with the input data.  The array is ordered with the
     *  best quality match first.
     * <p>
     * Raise an exception if 
     *  <ul>
     *    <li>no charsets appear to match the input data.</li>
     *    <li>no input text has been provided</li>
     *  </ul>
     * 
     * @return An array of CharsetMatch objects representing possibly matching charsets.
     *
     * @stable ICU 3.4
     */
    public CharsetMatch[] detectAll() {
        ArrayList<CharsetMatch>         matches = new ArrayList<CharsetMatch>();
        
        MungeInput();  // Strip html markup, collect byte stats.
        
        //  Iterate over all possible charsets, remember all that
        //    give a match quality > 0.
        for (int i = 0; i < ALL_CS_RECOGNIZERS.size(); i++) {
            CSRecognizerInfo rcinfo = ALL_CS_RECOGNIZERS.get(i);
            boolean active = (fEnabledRecognizers != null) ? fEnabledRecognizers[i] : rcinfo.isDefaultEnabled;
            if (active) {
                CharsetMatch m = rcinfo.recognizer.match(this);
                if (m != null) {
                    matches.add(m);
                }
            }
        }
        Collections.sort(matches);      // CharsetMatch compares on confidence
        Collections.reverse(matches);   //  Put best match first.
        CharsetMatch [] resultArray = new CharsetMatch[matches.size()];
        resultArray = matches.toArray(resultArray);
        return resultArray;
    }

    
    /**
     * Autodetect the charset of an inputStream, and return a Java Reader
     * to access the converted input data.
     * <p>
     * This is a convenience method that is equivalent to
     *   <code>this.setDeclaredEncoding(declaredEncoding).setText(in).detect().getReader();</code>
     * <p>
     *   For the input stream that supplies the character data, markSupported()
     *   must be true; the  charset detection will read a small amount of data,
     *   then return the stream to its original position via
     *   the InputStream.reset() operation.  The exact amount that will
     *    be read depends on the characteristics of the data itself.
     *<p>
     * Raise an exception if no charsets appear to match the input data.
     * 
     * @param in The source of the byte data in the unknown charset.
     *
     * @param declaredEncoding  A declared encoding for the data, if available,
     *           or null or an empty string if none is available.
     *
     * @stable ICU 3.4
     */
    public Reader getReader(InputStream in, String declaredEncoding) {
        fDeclaredEncoding = declaredEncoding;
        
        try {
            setText(in);
            
            CharsetMatch match = detect();
            
            if (match == null) {
                return null;
            }
            
            return match.getReader();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Autodetect the charset of an inputStream, and return a String
     * containing the converted input data.
     * <p>
     * This is a convenience method that is equivalent to
     *   <code>this.setDeclaredEncoding(declaredEncoding).setText(in).detect().getString();</code>
     *<p>
     * Raise an exception if no charsets appear to match the input data.
     * 
     * @param in The source of the byte data in the unknown charset.
     *
     * @param declaredEncoding  A declared encoding for the data, if available,
     *           or null or an empty string if none is available.
     *
     * @stable ICU 3.4
     */
    public String getString(byte[] in, String declaredEncoding)
    {
        fDeclaredEncoding = declaredEncoding;
       
        try {
            setText(in);
            
            CharsetMatch match = detect();
            
            if (match == null) {
                return null;
            }
            
            return match.getString(-1);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            return null;
        }
    }

 
    /**
     * Get the names of all charsets supported by <code>CharsetDetector</code> class.
     * <p>
     * <b>Note:</b> Multiple different charset encodings in a same family may use
     * a single shared name in this implementation. For example, this method returns
     * an array including "ISO-8859-1" (ISO Latin 1), but not including "windows-1252"
     * (Windows Latin 1). However, actual detection result could be "windows-1252"
     * when the input data matches Latin 1 code points with any points only available
     * in "windows-1252".
     *
     * @return an array of the names of all charsets supported by
     * <code>CharsetDetector</code> class.
     *
     * @stable ICU 3.4
     */
    public static String[] getAllDetectableCharsets() {
        String[] allCharsetNames = new String[ALL_CS_RECOGNIZERS.size()];
        for (int i = 0; i < allCharsetNames.length; i++) {
            allCharsetNames[i] = ALL_CS_RECOGNIZERS.get(i).recognizer.getName();
        }
        return allCharsetNames;
    }   
       
    /**
     * Test whether or not input filtering is enabled.
     * 
     * @return <code>true</code> if input text will be filtered.
     * 
     * @see #enableInputFilter
     *
     * @stable ICU 3.4
     */
    public boolean inputFilterEnabled()
    {
        return fStripTags;
    }
    
    /**
     * Enable filtering of input text. If filtering is enabled,
     * text within angle brackets ("&lt;" and "&gt;") will be removed
     * before detection.
     * 
     * @param filter <code>true</code> to enable input text filtering.
     * 
     * @return The previous setting.
     *
     * @stable ICU 3.4
     */
    public boolean enableInputFilter(boolean filter)
    {
        boolean previous = fStripTags;
        
        fStripTags = filter;
        
        return previous;
    }
    
    /*
     *  MungeInput - after getting a set of raw input data to be analyzed, preprocess
     *               it by removing what appears to be html markup.
     */
    private void MungeInput() {
        int srci = 0;
        int dsti = 0;
        byte b;
        boolean  inMarkup = false;
        int      openTags = 0;
        int      badTags  = 0;
        
        //
        //  html / xml markup stripping.
        //     quick and dirty, not 100% accurate, but hopefully good enough, statistically.
        //     discard everything within < brackets >
        //     Count how many total '<' and illegal (nested) '<' occur, so we can make some
        //     guess as to whether the input was actually marked up at all.
        if (fStripTags) {
            for (srci = 0; srci < fRawLength && dsti < fInputBytes.length; srci++) {
                b = fRawInput[srci];
                if (b == (byte)'<') {
                    if (inMarkup) {
                        badTags++;
                    }
                    inMarkup = true;
                    openTags++;
                }
                
                if (! inMarkup) {
                    fInputBytes[dsti++] = b;
                }
                
                if (b == (byte)'>') {
                    inMarkup = false;
                }        
            }
            
            fInputLen = dsti;
        }
        
        //
        //  If it looks like this input wasn't marked up, or if it looks like it's
        //    essentially nothing but markup abandon the markup stripping.
        //    Detection will have to work on the unstripped input.
        //
        if (openTags<5 || openTags/5 < badTags || 
                (fInputLen < 100 && fRawLength>600)) {
            int limit = fRawLength;
            
            if (limit > kBufSize) {
                limit = kBufSize;
            }
            
            for (srci=0; srci<limit; srci++) {
                fInputBytes[srci] = fRawInput[srci];
            }
            fInputLen = srci;
        }
        
        //
        // Tally up the byte occurence statistics.
        //   These are available for use by the various detectors.
        //
        Arrays.fill(fByteStats, (short)0);
        for (srci=0; srci<fInputLen; srci++) {
            int val = fInputBytes[srci] & 0x00ff;
            fByteStats[val]++;
        }
        
        fC1Bytes = false;
        for (int i = 0x80; i <= 0x9F; i += 1) {
            if (fByteStats[i] != 0) {
                fC1Bytes = true;
                break;
            }
        }
     }

    /*
     *  The following items are accessed by individual CharsetRecongizers during
     *     the recognition process
     * 
     */
    byte[]      fInputBytes =       // The text to be checked.  Markup will have been
                   new byte[kBufSize];  //   removed if appropriate.
    
    int         fInputLen;          // Length of the byte data in fInputBytes.
    
    short       fByteStats[] =      // byte frequency statistics for the input text.
                   new short[256];  //   Value is percent, not absolute.
                                    //   Value is rounded up, so zero really means zero occurences.
    
    boolean     fC1Bytes =          // True if any bytes in the range 0x80 - 0x9F are in the input;
                   false;
    
    String      fDeclaredEncoding;


    byte[]               fRawInput;     // Original, untouched input bytes.
                                        //  If user gave us a byte array, this is it.
                                        //  If user gave us a stream, it's read to a 
                                        //  buffer here.
    int                  fRawLength;    // Length of data in fRawInput array.
    
    InputStream          fInputStream;  // User's input stream, or null if the user
                                        //   gave us a byte array.
     
    //
    //  Stuff private to CharsetDetector
    //
    private boolean      fStripTags =   // If true, setText() will strip tags from input text.
                           false;

    private boolean[]    fEnabledRecognizers;   // If not null, active set of charset recognizers had
                                                // been changed from the default. The array index is
                                                // corresponding to ALL_RECOGNIZER. See setDetectableCharset().

    private static class CSRecognizerInfo {
        CharsetRecognizer recognizer;
        boolean isDefaultEnabled;

        CSRecognizerInfo(CharsetRecognizer recognizer, boolean isDefaultEnabled) {
            this.recognizer = recognizer;
            this.isDefaultEnabled = isDefaultEnabled;
        }
    }

    /*
     * List of recognizers for all charsets known to the implementation.
     */
    private static final List<CSRecognizerInfo> ALL_CS_RECOGNIZERS;

    static {
        List<CSRecognizerInfo> list = new ArrayList<CSRecognizerInfo>();

        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_UTF8(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_Unicode.CharsetRecog_UTF_16_BE(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_Unicode.CharsetRecog_UTF_16_LE(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_Unicode.CharsetRecog_UTF_32_BE(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_Unicode.CharsetRecog_UTF_32_LE(), true));

        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_mbcs.CharsetRecog_sjis(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_2022.CharsetRecog_2022JP(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_2022.CharsetRecog_2022CN(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_2022.CharsetRecog_2022KR(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_mbcs.CharsetRecog_euc.CharsetRecog_gb_18030(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_mbcs.CharsetRecog_euc.CharsetRecog_euc_jp(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_mbcs.CharsetRecog_euc.CharsetRecog_euc_kr(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_mbcs.CharsetRecog_big5(), true));

        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_sbcs.CharsetRecog_8859_1(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_sbcs.CharsetRecog_8859_2(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_sbcs.CharsetRecog_8859_5_ru(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_sbcs.CharsetRecog_8859_6_ar(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_sbcs.CharsetRecog_8859_7_el(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_sbcs.CharsetRecog_8859_8_I_he(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_sbcs.CharsetRecog_8859_8_he(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_sbcs.CharsetRecog_windows_1251(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_sbcs.CharsetRecog_windows_1256(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_sbcs.CharsetRecog_KOI8_R(), true));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_sbcs.CharsetRecog_8859_9_tr(), true));

        // IBM 420/424 recognizers are disabled by default
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_sbcs.CharsetRecog_IBM424_he_rtl(), false));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_sbcs.CharsetRecog_IBM424_he_ltr(), false));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_sbcs.CharsetRecog_IBM420_ar_rtl(), false));
        list.add(new CSRecognizerInfo(new CharsetRecog_sbcs.CharsetRecog_IBM420_ar_ltr(), false));

        ALL_CS_RECOGNIZERS = Collections.unmodifiableList(list);
    }

    /**
     * Get the names of charsets that can be recognized by this CharsetDetector instance.
     *
     * @return an array of the names of charsets that can be recognized by this CharsetDetector
     * instance.
     *
     * @internal
     * @deprecated This API is ICU internal only.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public String[] getDetectableCharsets() {
        List<String> csnames = new ArrayList<String>(ALL_CS_RECOGNIZERS.size());
        for (int i = 0; i < ALL_CS_RECOGNIZERS.size(); i++) {
            CSRecognizerInfo rcinfo = ALL_CS_RECOGNIZERS.get(i);
            boolean active = (fEnabledRecognizers == null) ? rcinfo.isDefaultEnabled : fEnabledRecognizers[i];
            if (active) {
                csnames.add(rcinfo.recognizer.getName());
            }
        }
        return csnames.toArray(new String[csnames.size()]);
    }

    /**
     * Enable or disable individual charset encoding.
     * A name of charset encoding must be included in the names returned by
     * {@link #getAllDetectableCharsets()}.
     *
     * @param encoding the name of charset encoding.
     * @param enabled <code>true</code> to enable, or <code>false</code> to disable the
     * charset encoding.
     * @return A reference to this <code>CharsetDetector</code>.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException when the name of charset encoding is
     * not supported.
     *
     * @internal
     * @deprecated This API is ICU internal only.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public CharsetDetector setDetectableCharset(String encoding, boolean enabled) {
        int modIdx = -1;
        boolean isDefaultVal = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < ALL_CS_RECOGNIZERS.size(); i++) {
            CSRecognizerInfo csrinfo = ALL_CS_RECOGNIZERS.get(i);
            if (csrinfo.recognizer.getName().equals(encoding)) {
                modIdx = i;
                isDefaultVal = (csrinfo.isDefaultEnabled == enabled);
                break;
            }
        }
        if (modIdx < 0) {
            // No matching encoding found
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid encoding: " + "\"" + encoding + "\"");
        }

        if (fEnabledRecognizers == null && !isDefaultVal) {
            // Create an array storing the non default setting
            fEnabledRecognizers = new boolean[ALL_CS_RECOGNIZERS.size()];

            // Initialize the array with default info
            for (int i = 0; i < ALL_CS_RECOGNIZERS.size(); i++) {
                fEnabledRecognizers[i] = ALL_CS_RECOGNIZERS.get(i).isDefaultEnabled;
            }
        }
 
        if (fEnabledRecognizers != null) {
            fEnabledRecognizers[modIdx] = enabled;
        }

        return this;
    }
}
