/*
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 *
 * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
 * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
 * compatible open source license.
 */

/*
 * Licensed to Elasticsearch under one or more contributor
 * license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright
 * ownership. Elasticsearch licenses this file to you under
 * the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
 * not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

/*
 * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
 * GitHub history for details.
 */

package org.opensearch.search.aggregations.pipeline;

import org.opensearch.common.ParseField;
import org.opensearch.common.ParsingException;
import org.opensearch.common.io.stream.StreamInput;
import org.opensearch.common.io.stream.StreamOutput;
import org.opensearch.common.io.stream.Writeable;
import org.opensearch.common.xcontent.LoggingDeprecationHandler;
import org.opensearch.common.xcontent.XContentLocation;
import org.opensearch.search.aggregations.AggregationExecutionException;
import org.opensearch.search.aggregations.InternalMultiBucketAggregation;
import org.opensearch.search.aggregations.InvalidAggregationPathException;
import org.opensearch.search.aggregations.bucket.MultiBucketsAggregation;
import org.opensearch.search.aggregations.metrics.InternalNumericMetricsAggregation;
import org.opensearch.search.aggregations.support.AggregationPath;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * A set of static helpers to simplify working with aggregation buckets, in
 * particular providing utilities that help pipeline aggregations.
 *
 * @opensearch.internal
 */
public class BucketHelpers {

    /**
     * A gap policy determines how "holes" in a set of buckets should be handled.  For example,
     * a date_histogram might have empty buckets due to no data existing for that time interval.
     * This can cause problems for operations like a derivative, which relies on a continuous
     * function.
     *
     * "insert_zeros": empty buckets will be filled with zeros for all metrics
     * "skip": empty buckets will simply be ignored
     *
     * @opensearch.internal
     */
    public enum GapPolicy implements Writeable {
        INSERT_ZEROS((byte) 0, "insert_zeros"),
        SKIP((byte) 1, "skip");

        /**
         * Parse a string GapPolicy into the byte enum
         *
         * @param text
         *            GapPolicy in string format (e.g. "ignore")
         * @return GapPolicy enum
         */
        public static GapPolicy parse(String text, XContentLocation tokenLocation) {
            GapPolicy result = null;
            for (GapPolicy policy : values()) {
                if (policy.parseField.match(text, LoggingDeprecationHandler.INSTANCE)) {
                    if (result == null) {
                        result = policy;
                    } else {
                        throw new IllegalStateException(
                            "Text can be parsed to 2 different gap policies: text=["
                                + text
                                + "], "
                                + "policies="
                                + Arrays.asList(result, policy)
                        );
                    }
                }
            }
            if (result == null) {
                final List<String> validNames = new ArrayList<>();
                for (GapPolicy policy : values()) {
                    validNames.add(policy.getName());
                }
                throw new ParsingException(tokenLocation, "Invalid gap policy: [" + text + "], accepted values: " + validNames);
            }
            return result;
        }

        private final byte id;
        private final ParseField parseField;

        GapPolicy(byte id, String name) {
            this.id = id;
            this.parseField = new ParseField(name);
        }

        /**
         * Serialize the GapPolicy to the output stream
         */
        @Override
        public void writeTo(StreamOutput out) throws IOException {
            out.writeByte(id);
        }

        /**
         * Deserialize the GapPolicy from the input stream
         *
         * @return    GapPolicy Enum
         */
        public static GapPolicy readFrom(StreamInput in) throws IOException {
            byte id = in.readByte();
            for (GapPolicy gapPolicy : values()) {
                if (id == gapPolicy.id) {
                    return gapPolicy;
                }
            }
            throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown GapPolicy with id [" + id + "]");
        }

        /**
         * Return the english-formatted name of the GapPolicy
         *
         * @return English representation of GapPolicy
         */
        public String getName() {
            return parseField.getPreferredName();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Given a path and a set of buckets, this method will return the value
     * inside the agg at that path. This is used to extract values for use by
     * pipeline aggregations (e.g. a derivative might need the price for each
     * bucket). If the bucket is empty, the configured GapPolicy is invoked to
     * resolve the missing bucket
     *
     * @param agg
     *            A series of agg buckets in the form of a histogram
     * @param bucket
     *            A specific bucket that a value needs to be extracted from.
     *            This bucket should be present in the <code>histo</code>
     *            parameter
     * @param aggPath
     *            The path to a particular value that needs to be extracted.
     *            This path should point to a metric inside the
     *            <code>bucket</code>
     * @param gapPolicy
     *            The gap policy to apply if empty buckets are found
     * @return The value extracted from <code>bucket</code> found at
     *         <code>aggPath</code>
     */
    public static Double resolveBucketValue(
        MultiBucketsAggregation agg,
        InternalMultiBucketAggregation.InternalBucket bucket,
        String aggPath,
        GapPolicy gapPolicy
    ) {
        List<String> aggPathsList = AggregationPath.parse(aggPath).getPathElementsAsStringList();
        return resolveBucketValue(agg, bucket, aggPathsList, gapPolicy);
    }

    public static Double resolveBucketValue(
        MultiBucketsAggregation agg,
        InternalMultiBucketAggregation.InternalBucket bucket,
        List<String> aggPathAsList,
        GapPolicy gapPolicy
    ) {
        try {
            Object propertyValue = bucket.getProperty(agg.getName(), aggPathAsList);

            if (propertyValue == null) {
                throw new AggregationExecutionException(
                    AbstractPipelineAggregationBuilder.BUCKETS_PATH_FIELD.getPreferredName()
                        + " must reference either a number value or a single value numeric metric aggregation"
                );
            } else {
                double value;
                if (propertyValue instanceof Number) {
                    value = ((Number) propertyValue).doubleValue();
                } else if (propertyValue instanceof InternalNumericMetricsAggregation.SingleValue) {
                    value = ((InternalNumericMetricsAggregation.SingleValue) propertyValue).value();
                } else {
                    throw formatResolutionError(agg, aggPathAsList, propertyValue);
                }
                // doc count never has missing values so gap policy doesn't apply here
                boolean isDocCountProperty = aggPathAsList.size() == 1 && "_count".equals(aggPathAsList.get(0));
                if (Double.isInfinite(value) || Double.isNaN(value) || (bucket.getDocCount() == 0 && !isDocCountProperty)) {
                    switch (gapPolicy) {
                        case INSERT_ZEROS:
                            return 0.0;
                        case SKIP:
                        default:
                            return Double.NaN;
                    }
                } else {
                    return value;
                }
            }
        } catch (InvalidAggregationPathException e) {
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Inspects where we are in the agg tree and tries to format a helpful error
     */
    private static AggregationExecutionException formatResolutionError(
        MultiBucketsAggregation agg,
        List<String> aggPathAsList,
        Object propertyValue
    ) {
        String currentAggName;
        Object currentAgg;
        if (aggPathAsList.isEmpty()) {
            currentAggName = agg.getName();
            currentAgg = agg;
        } else {
            currentAggName = aggPathAsList.get(0);
            currentAgg = propertyValue;
        }
        if (currentAgg instanceof InternalNumericMetricsAggregation.MultiValue) {
            return new AggregationExecutionException(
                AbstractPipelineAggregationBuilder.BUCKETS_PATH_FIELD.getPreferredName()
                    + " must reference either a number value or a single value numeric metric aggregation, but ["
                    + currentAggName
                    + "] contains multiple values. Please specify which to use."
            );
        } else {
            return new AggregationExecutionException(
                AbstractPipelineAggregationBuilder.BUCKETS_PATH_FIELD.getPreferredName()
                    + " must reference either a number value or a single value numeric metric aggregation, got: ["
                    + propertyValue.getClass().getSimpleName()
                    + "] at aggregation ["
                    + currentAggName
                    + "]"
            );
        }
    }
}
