//========================================================================
//
// pdftocairo.cc
//
// Copyright 2003 Glyph & Cog, LLC
//
//========================================================================

//========================================================================
//
// Modified under the Poppler project - http://poppler.freedesktop.org
//
// All changes made under the Poppler project to this file are licensed
// under GPL version 2 or later
//
// Copyright (C) 2007 Ilmari Heikkinen <ilmari.heikkinen@gmail.com>
// Copyright (C) 2008 Richard Airlie <richard.airlie@maglabs.net>
// Copyright (C) 2009 Michael K. Johnson <a1237@danlj.org>
// Copyright (C) 2009 Shen Liang <shenzhuxi@gmail.com>
// Copyright (C) 2009 Stefan Thomas <thomas@eload24.com>
// Copyright (C) 2009, 2010, 2017-2020 Albert Astals Cid <aacid@kde.org>
// Copyright (C) 2010, 2011-2017 Adrian Johnson <ajohnson@redneon.com>
// Copyright (C) 2010, 2014 Hib Eris <hib@hiberis.nl>
// Copyright (C) 2010 Jonathan Liu <net147@gmail.com>
// Copyright (C) 2010 William Bader <williambader@hotmail.com>
// Copyright (C) 2011 Thomas Freitag <Thomas.Freitag@alfa.de>
// Copyright (C) 2011, 2015 Carlos Garcia Campos <carlosgc@gnome.org>
// Copyright (C) 2012 Koji Otani <sho@bbr.jp>
// Copyright (C) 2013 Lu Wang <coolwanglu@gmail.com>
// Copyright (C) 2013, 2017 Suzuki Toshiya <mpsuzuki@hiroshima-u.ac.jp>
// Copyright (C) 2014 Rodrigo Rivas Costa <rodrigorivascosta@gmail.com>
// Copyright (C) 2016 Jason Crain <jason@aquaticape.us>
// Copyright (C) 2018 Martin Packman <gzlist@googlemail.com>
// Copyright (C) 2018 Adam Reichold <adam.reichold@t-online.de>
// Copyright (C) 2019, 2020 Oliver Sander <oliver.sander@tu-dresden.de>
// Copyright (C) 2019 Kris Jurka <jurka@ejurka.com>
// Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Sander <oliver.sander@tu-dresden.de>
// Copyright (C) 2020 Philipp Knechtges <philipp-dev@knechtges.com>
//
// To see a description of the changes please see the Changelog file that
// came with your tarball or type make ChangeLog if you are building from git
//
//========================================================================

#include "config.h"
#include <poppler-config.h>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include "parseargs.h"
#include "goo/gmem.h"
#include "goo/GooString.h"
#include "goo/ImgWriter.h"
#include "goo/JpegWriter.h"
#include "goo/PNGWriter.h"
#include "goo/TiffWriter.h"
#include "GlobalParams.h"
#include "Object.h"
#include "PDFDoc.h"
#include "PDFDocFactory.h"
#include "CairoOutputDev.h"
#include "Win32Console.h"
#include "numberofcharacters.h"
#ifdef USE_CMS
#    include <lcms2.h>
#endif
#include <cairo.h>
#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PS_SURFACE
#    include <cairo-ps.h>
#endif
#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PDF_SURFACE
#    include <cairo-pdf.h>
#endif
#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_SVG_SURFACE
#    include <cairo-svg.h>
#endif

#include "pdftocairo-win32.h"

static bool png = false;
static bool jpeg = false;
static bool ps = false;
static bool eps = false;
static bool pdf = false;
static bool printToWin32 = false;
static bool printdlg = false;
static bool svg = false;
static bool tiff = false;

static int firstPage = 1;
static int lastPage = 0;
static bool printOnlyOdd = false;
static bool printOnlyEven = false;
static bool singleFile = false;
static double resolution = 0.0;
static double x_resolution = 150.0;
static double y_resolution = 150.0;
static int scaleTo = 0;
static int x_scaleTo = 0;
static int y_scaleTo = 0;
static int crop_x = 0;
static int crop_y = 0;
static int crop_w = 0;
static int crop_h = 0;
static int sz = 0;
static bool useCropBox = false;
static bool mono = false;
static bool gray = false;
static bool transp = false;
static GooString antialias;
static GooString icc;

static bool level2 = false;
static bool level3 = false;
static bool origPageSizes = false;
static char paperSize[15] = "";
static int paperWidth = -1;
static int paperHeight = -1;
static bool noCrop = false;
static bool expand = false;
static bool noShrink = false;
static bool noCenter = false;
static bool duplex = false;
static char tiffCompressionStr[16] = "";

static char ownerPassword[33] = "";
static char userPassword[33] = "";
static bool quiet = false;
static bool printVersion = false;
static bool printHelp = false;

static GooString jpegOpt;
static int jpegQuality = -1;
static bool jpegProgressive = false;
static bool jpegOptimize = false;

static GooString printer;
static GooString printOpt;
#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_WIN32_SURFACE
static bool setupdlg = false;
#endif

static const ArgDesc argDesc[] = {
#ifdef ENABLE_LIBPNG
    { "-png", argFlag, &png, 0, "generate a PNG file" },
#endif
#ifdef ENABLE_LIBJPEG
    { "-jpeg", argFlag, &jpeg, 0, "generate a JPEG file" },
    { "-jpegopt", argGooString, &jpegOpt, 0, "jpeg options, with format <opt1>=<val1>[,<optN>=<valN>]*" },
#endif
#ifdef ENABLE_LIBTIFF
    { "-tiff", argFlag, &tiff, 0, "generate a TIFF file" },
    { "-tiffcompression", argString, tiffCompressionStr, sizeof(tiffCompressionStr), "set TIFF compression: none, packbits, jpeg, lzw, deflate" },
#endif
#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PS_SURFACE
    { "-ps", argFlag, &ps, 0, "generate PostScript file" },
    { "-eps", argFlag, &eps, 0, "generate Encapsulated PostScript (EPS)" },
#endif
#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PDF_SURFACE
    { "-pdf", argFlag, &pdf, 0, "generate a PDF file" },
#endif
#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_SVG_SURFACE
    { "-svg", argFlag, &svg, 0, "generate a Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) file" },
#endif
#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_WIN32_SURFACE
    { "-print", argFlag, &printToWin32, 0, "print to a Windows printer" },
    { "-printdlg", argFlag, &printdlg, 0, "show Windows print dialog and print" },
    { "-printer", argGooString, &printer, 0, "printer name or use default if this option is not specified" },
    { "-printopt", argGooString, &printOpt, 0, "printer options, with format <opt1>=<val1>[,<optN>=<valN>]*" },
    { "-setupdlg", argFlag, &setupdlg, 0, "show printer setup dialog before printing" },
#endif

    { "-f", argInt, &firstPage, 0, "first page to print" },
    { "-l", argInt, &lastPage, 0, "last page to print" },
    { "-o", argFlag, &printOnlyOdd, 0, "print only odd pages" },
    { "-e", argFlag, &printOnlyEven, 0, "print only even pages" },
    { "-singlefile", argFlag, &singleFile, 0, "write only the first page and do not add digits" },

    { "-r", argFP, &resolution, 0, "resolution, in PPI (default is 150)" },
    { "-rx", argFP, &x_resolution, 0, "X resolution, in PPI (default is 150)" },
    { "-ry", argFP, &y_resolution, 0, "Y resolution, in PPI (default is 150)" },
    { "-scale-to", argInt, &scaleTo, 0, "scales each page to fit within scale-to*scale-to pixel box" },
    { "-scale-to-x", argInt, &x_scaleTo, 0, "scales each page horizontally to fit in scale-to-x pixels" },
    { "-scale-to-y", argInt, &y_scaleTo, 0, "scales each page vertically to fit in scale-to-y pixels" },

    { "-x", argInt, &crop_x, 0, "x-coordinate of the crop area top left corner" },
    { "-y", argInt, &crop_y, 0, "y-coordinate of the crop area top left corner" },
    { "-W", argInt, &crop_w, 0, "width of crop area in pixels (default is 0)" },
    { "-H", argInt, &crop_h, 0, "height of crop area in pixels (default is 0)" },
    { "-sz", argInt, &sz, 0, "size of crop square in pixels (sets W and H)" },
    { "-cropbox", argFlag, &useCropBox, 0, "use the crop box rather than media box" },

    { "-mono", argFlag, &mono, 0, "generate a monochrome image file (PNG, JPEG)" },
    { "-gray", argFlag, &gray, 0, "generate a grayscale image file (PNG, JPEG)" },
    { "-transp", argFlag, &transp, 0, "use a transparent background instead of white (PNG)" },
    { "-antialias", argGooString, &antialias, 0, "set cairo antialias option" },
#ifdef USE_CMS
    { "-icc", argGooString, &icc, 0, "ICC color profile to use" },
#endif

    { "-level2", argFlag, &level2, 0, "generate Level 2 PostScript (PS, EPS)" },
    { "-level3", argFlag, &level3, 0, "generate Level 3 PostScript (PS, EPS)" },
    { "-origpagesizes", argFlag, &origPageSizes, 0, "conserve original page sizes (PS, PDF, SVG)" },
    { "-paper", argString, paperSize, sizeof(paperSize), "paper size (letter, legal, A4, A3, match)" },
    { "-paperw", argInt, &paperWidth, 0, "paper width, in points" },
    { "-paperh", argInt, &paperHeight, 0, "paper height, in points" },
    { "-nocrop", argFlag, &noCrop, 0, "don't crop pages to CropBox" },
    { "-expand", argFlag, &expand, 0, "expand pages smaller than the paper size" },
    { "-noshrink", argFlag, &noShrink, 0, "don't shrink pages larger than the paper size" },
    { "-nocenter", argFlag, &noCenter, 0, "don't center pages smaller than the paper size" },
    { "-duplex", argFlag, &duplex, 0, "enable duplex printing" },

    { "-opw", argString, ownerPassword, sizeof(ownerPassword), "owner password (for encrypted files)" },
    { "-upw", argString, userPassword, sizeof(userPassword), "user password (for encrypted files)" },

    { "-q", argFlag, &quiet, 0, "don't print any messages or errors" },
    { "-v", argFlag, &printVersion, 0, "print copyright and version info" },
    { "-h", argFlag, &printHelp, 0, "print usage information" },
    { "-help", argFlag, &printHelp, 0, "print usage information" },
    { "--help", argFlag, &printHelp, 0, "print usage information" },
    { "-?", argFlag, &printHelp, 0, "print usage information" },
    {}
};

static cairo_surface_t *surface;
static bool printing;
static FILE *output_file;
static bool usePDFPageSize;
static cairo_antialias_t antialiasEnum = CAIRO_ANTIALIAS_DEFAULT;

#ifdef USE_CMS
static unsigned char *icc_data;
static int icc_data_size;
static GfxLCMSProfilePtr profile;
#endif

struct AntialiasOption
{
    const char *name;
    cairo_antialias_t value;
};

static const AntialiasOption antialiasOptions[] = {
    { "default", CAIRO_ANTIALIAS_DEFAULT }, { "none", CAIRO_ANTIALIAS_NONE }, { "gray", CAIRO_ANTIALIAS_GRAY }, { "subpixel", CAIRO_ANTIALIAS_SUBPIXEL },
    { "fast", CAIRO_ANTIALIAS_FAST },       { "good", CAIRO_ANTIALIAS_GOOD }, { "best", CAIRO_ANTIALIAS_BEST }, { nullptr, CAIRO_ANTIALIAS_DEFAULT },
};

static bool parseAntialiasOption()
{
    const AntialiasOption *option = antialiasOptions;
    while (option->name) {
        if (antialias.cmp(option->name) == 0) {
            antialiasEnum = option->value;
            return true;
        }
        option++;
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "Error: Invalid antialias option \"%s\"\n", antialias.c_str());
    fprintf(stderr, "Valid options are:\n");
    option = antialiasOptions;
    while (option->name) {
        fprintf(stderr, "  %s\n", option->name);
        option++;
    }
    return false;
}

static bool parseJpegOptions()
{
    // jpegOpt format is: <opt1>=<val1>,<opt2>=<val2>,...
    const char *nextOpt = jpegOpt.c_str();
    while (nextOpt && *nextOpt) {
        const char *comma = strchr(nextOpt, ',');
        GooString opt;
        if (comma) {
            opt.Set(nextOpt, comma - nextOpt);
            nextOpt = comma + 1;
        } else {
            opt.Set(nextOpt);
            nextOpt = nullptr;
        }
        // here opt is "<optN>=<valN> "
        const char *equal = strchr(opt.c_str(), '=');
        if (!equal) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Unknown jpeg option \"%s\"\n", opt.c_str());
            return false;
        }
        int iequal = equal - opt.c_str();
        GooString value(&opt, iequal + 1, opt.getLength() - iequal - 1);
        opt.del(iequal, opt.getLength() - iequal);
        // here opt is "<optN>" and value is "<valN>"

        if (opt.cmp("quality") == 0) {
            if (!isInt(value.c_str())) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Invalid jpeg quality\n");
                return false;
            }
            jpegQuality = atoi(value.c_str());
            if (jpegQuality < 0 || jpegQuality > 100) {
                fprintf(stderr, "jpeg quality must be between 0 and 100\n");
                return false;
            }
        } else if (opt.cmp("progressive") == 0) {
            jpegProgressive = false;
            if (value.cmp("y") == 0) {
                jpegProgressive = true;
            } else if (value.cmp("n") != 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "jpeg progressive option must be \"y\" or \"n\"\n");
                return false;
            }
        } else if (opt.cmp("optimize") == 0 || opt.cmp("optimise") == 0) {
            jpegOptimize = false;
            if (value.cmp("y") == 0) {
                jpegOptimize = true;
            } else if (value.cmp("n") != 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "jpeg optimize option must be \"y\" or \"n\"\n");
                return false;
            }
        } else {
            fprintf(stderr, "Unknown jpeg option \"%s\"\n", opt.c_str());
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

static void writePageImage(GooString *filename)
{
    ImgWriter *writer = nullptr;
    FILE *file;
    int height, width, stride;
    unsigned char *data;

    if (png) {
#ifdef ENABLE_LIBPNG
        if (transp)
            writer = new PNGWriter(PNGWriter::RGBA);
        else if (gray)
            writer = new PNGWriter(PNGWriter::GRAY);
        else if (mono)
            writer = new PNGWriter(PNGWriter::MONOCHROME);
        else
            writer = new PNGWriter(PNGWriter::RGB);

#    ifdef USE_CMS
        if (icc_data) {
            cmsUInt8Number profileID[17];
            profileID[16] = '\0';

            cmsGetHeaderProfileID(profile.get(), profileID);
            static_cast<PNGWriter *>(writer)->setICCProfile(reinterpret_cast<char *>(profileID), icc_data, icc_data_size);
        } else {
            static_cast<PNGWriter *>(writer)->setSRGBProfile();
        }
#    endif
#endif

    } else if (jpeg) {
#ifdef ENABLE_LIBJPEG
        if (gray)
            writer = new JpegWriter(JpegWriter::GRAY);
        else
            writer = new JpegWriter(JpegWriter::RGB);

        static_cast<JpegWriter *>(writer)->setOptimize(jpegOptimize);
        static_cast<JpegWriter *>(writer)->setProgressive(jpegProgressive);
        if (jpegQuality >= 0)
            static_cast<JpegWriter *>(writer)->setQuality(jpegQuality);
#endif
    } else if (tiff) {
#ifdef ENABLE_LIBTIFF
        if (transp)
            writer = new TiffWriter(TiffWriter::RGBA_PREMULTIPLIED);
        else if (gray)
            writer = new TiffWriter(TiffWriter::GRAY);
        else if (mono)
            writer = new TiffWriter(TiffWriter::MONOCHROME);
        else
            writer = new TiffWriter(TiffWriter::RGB);
        static_cast<TiffWriter *>(writer)->setCompressionString(tiffCompressionStr);
#endif
    }
    if (!writer)
        return;

    if (filename->cmp("fd://0") == 0)
        file = stdout;
    else
        file = fopen(filename->c_str(), "wb");

    if (!file) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error opening output file %s\n", filename->c_str());
        exit(2);
    }

    height = cairo_image_surface_get_height(surface);
    width = cairo_image_surface_get_width(surface);
    stride = cairo_image_surface_get_stride(surface);
    cairo_surface_flush(surface);
    data = cairo_image_surface_get_data(surface);

    if (!writer->init(file, width, height, x_resolution, y_resolution)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error writing %s\n", filename->c_str());
        exit(2);
    }
    unsigned char *row = (unsigned char *)gmallocn(width, 4);

    for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
        uint32_t *pixel = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>((data + y * stride));
        unsigned char *rowp = row;
        int bit = 7;
        for (int x = 0; x < width; x++, pixel++) {
            if (transp) {
                if (tiff) {
                    // RGBA premultipled format
                    *rowp++ = (*pixel & 0xff0000) >> 16;
                    *rowp++ = (*pixel & 0x00ff00) >> 8;
                    *rowp++ = (*pixel & 0x0000ff) >> 0;
                    *rowp++ = (*pixel & 0xff000000) >> 24;
                } else {
                    // unpremultiply into RGBA format
                    uint8_t a;
                    a = (*pixel & 0xff000000) >> 24;
                    if (a == 0) {
                        *rowp++ = 0;
                        *rowp++ = 0;
                        *rowp++ = 0;
                    } else {
                        *rowp++ = (((*pixel & 0xff0000) >> 16) * 255 + a / 2) / a;
                        *rowp++ = (((*pixel & 0x00ff00) >> 8) * 255 + a / 2) / a;
                        *rowp++ = (((*pixel & 0x0000ff) >> 0) * 255 + a / 2) / a;
                    }
                    *rowp++ = a;
                }
            } else if (gray || mono) {
                // convert to gray
                // The PDF Reference specifies the DeviceRGB to DeviceGray conversion as
                // gray = 0.3*red + 0.59*green + 0.11*blue
                const int r = (*pixel & 0x00ff0000) >> 16;
                const int g = (*pixel & 0x0000ff00) >> 8;
                const int b = (*pixel & 0x000000ff) >> 0;
                // an arbitrary integer approximation of .3*r + .59*g + .11*b
                const int grayValue = (r * 19661 + g * 38666 + b * 7209 + 32829) >> 16;
                if (mono) {
                    if (bit == 7)
                        *rowp = 0;
                    if (grayValue > 127)
                        *rowp |= (1 << bit);
                    bit--;
                    if (bit < 0) {
                        bit = 7;
                        rowp++;
                    }
                } else {
                    *rowp++ = grayValue;
                }
            } else {
                // copy into RGB format
                *rowp++ = (*pixel & 0x00ff0000) >> 16;
                *rowp++ = (*pixel & 0x0000ff00) >> 8;
                *rowp++ = (*pixel & 0x000000ff) >> 0;
            }
        }
        writer->writeRow(&row);
    }
    gfree(row);
    writer->close();
    delete writer;
    if (file == stdout)
        fflush(file);
    else
        fclose(file);
}

static void getCropSize(double page_w, double page_h, double *width, double *height)
{
    int w = crop_w;
    int h = crop_h;

    if (w == 0)
        w = (int)ceil(page_w);

    if (h == 0)
        h = (int)ceil(page_h);

    *width = (crop_x + w > page_w ? (int)ceil(page_w - crop_x) : w);
    *height = (crop_y + h > page_h ? (int)ceil(page_h - crop_y) : h);
}

static void getOutputSize(double page_w, double page_h, double *width, double *height)
{

    if (printing) {
        if (usePDFPageSize) {
            *width = page_w;
            *height = page_h;
        } else {
            if (page_w > page_h) {
                *width = paperHeight;
                *height = paperWidth;
            } else {
                *width = paperWidth;
                *height = paperHeight;
            }
        }
    } else {
        getCropSize(page_w * (x_resolution / 72.0), page_h * (y_resolution / 72.0), width, height);
    }
}

static void getFitToPageTransform(double page_w, double page_h, double paper_w, double paper_h, cairo_matrix_t *m)
{
    double x_scale, y_scale, scale;

    x_scale = paper_w / page_w;
    y_scale = paper_h / page_h;
    if (x_scale < y_scale)
        scale = x_scale;
    else
        scale = y_scale;

    if (scale > 1.0 && !expand)
        scale = 1.0;
    if (scale < 1.0 && noShrink)
        scale = 1.0;

    cairo_matrix_init_identity(m);
    if (!noCenter) {
        // centre page
        cairo_matrix_translate(m, (paper_w - page_w * scale) / 2, (paper_h - page_h * scale) / 2);
    } else if (!svg) {
        // move to PostScript origin
        cairo_matrix_translate(m, 0, (paper_h - page_h * scale));
    }
    cairo_matrix_scale(m, scale, scale);
}

static cairo_status_t writeStream(void *closure, const unsigned char *data, unsigned int length)
{
    FILE *file = (FILE *)closure;

    if (fwrite(data, length, 1, file) == 1)
        return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
    else
        return CAIRO_STATUS_WRITE_ERROR;
}

static void beginDocument(GooString *inputFileName, GooString *outputFileName, double w, double h)
{
    if (printing) {
        if (printToWin32) {
            output_file = nullptr;
        } else {
            if (outputFileName->cmp("fd://0") == 0)
                output_file = stdout;
            else {
                output_file = fopen(outputFileName->c_str(), "wb");
                if (!output_file) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Error opening output file %s\n", outputFileName->c_str());
                    exit(2);
                }
            }
        }

        if (ps || eps) {
#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PS_SURFACE
            surface = cairo_ps_surface_create_for_stream(writeStream, output_file, w, h);
            if (level2)
                cairo_ps_surface_restrict_to_level(surface, CAIRO_PS_LEVEL_2);
            if (eps)
                cairo_ps_surface_set_eps(surface, 1);
            if (duplex) {
                cairo_ps_surface_dsc_comment(surface, "%%Requirements: duplex");
                cairo_ps_surface_dsc_begin_setup(surface);
                cairo_ps_surface_dsc_comment(surface, "%%IncludeFeature: *Duplex DuplexNoTumble");
            }
            cairo_ps_surface_dsc_begin_page_setup(surface);
#endif
        } else if (pdf) {
#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PDF_SURFACE
            surface = cairo_pdf_surface_create_for_stream(writeStream, output_file, w, h);
#endif
        } else if (svg) {
#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_SVG_SURFACE
            surface = cairo_svg_surface_create_for_stream(writeStream, output_file, w, h);
            cairo_svg_surface_restrict_to_version(surface, CAIRO_SVG_VERSION_1_2);
#endif
        }
#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_WIN32_SURFACE
        if (printToWin32)
            surface = win32BeginDocument(inputFileName, outputFileName);
#endif
    }
}

static void beginPage(double *w, double *h)
{
    if (printing) {
        if (ps || eps) {
#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PS_SURFACE
            if (*w > *h) {
                cairo_ps_surface_dsc_comment(surface, "%%PageOrientation: Landscape");
                cairo_ps_surface_set_size(surface, *h, *w);
            } else {
                cairo_ps_surface_dsc_comment(surface, "%%PageOrientation: Portrait");
                cairo_ps_surface_set_size(surface, *w, *h);
            }
#endif
        }

#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PDF_SURFACE
        if (pdf)
            cairo_pdf_surface_set_size(surface, *w, *h);
#endif

#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_WIN32_SURFACE
        if (printToWin32) {
            bool changePageSize = true;
            if (setupdlg && !origPageSizes)
                changePageSize = false;
            win32BeginPage(w, h, changePageSize, noShrink); // w,h will be changed to actual size used
        }
#endif

        cairo_surface_set_fallback_resolution(surface, x_resolution, y_resolution);

    } else {
        surface = cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, ceil(*w), ceil(*h));
    }
}

static void renderPage(PDFDoc *doc, CairoOutputDev *cairoOut, int pg, double page_w, double page_h, double output_w, double output_h)
{
    cairo_t *cr;
    cairo_status_t status;
    cairo_matrix_t m;

    cr = cairo_create(surface);

    cairoOut->setCairo(cr);
    cairoOut->setPrinting(printing);
    cairoOut->setAntialias(antialiasEnum);

    cairo_save(cr);
    if (ps && output_w > output_h) {
        // rotate 90 deg for landscape
        cairo_translate(cr, 0, output_w);
        cairo_matrix_init(&m, 0, -1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
        cairo_transform(cr, &m);
    }
    cairo_translate(cr, -crop_x, -crop_y);
    if (printing) {
        double cropped_w, cropped_h;
        getCropSize(page_w, page_h, &cropped_w, &cropped_h);
        getFitToPageTransform(cropped_w, cropped_h, output_w, output_h, &m);
        cairo_transform(cr, &m);
        cairo_rectangle(cr, crop_x, crop_y, cropped_w, cropped_h);
        cairo_clip(cr);
    } else {
        cairo_scale(cr, x_resolution / 72.0, y_resolution / 72.0);
    }
    doc->displayPageSlice(cairoOut, pg, 72.0, 72.0, 0, /* rotate */
                          !useCropBox, /* useMediaBox */
                          false, /* Crop */
                          printing, -1, -1, -1, -1);
    cairo_restore(cr);
    cairoOut->setCairo(nullptr);

    // Blend onto white page
    if (!printing && !transp) {
        cairo_save(cr);
        cairo_set_operator(cr, CAIRO_OPERATOR_DEST_OVER);
        cairo_set_source_rgb(cr, 1, 1, 1);
        cairo_paint(cr);
        cairo_restore(cr);
    }

    status = cairo_status(cr);
    if (status)
        fprintf(stderr, "cairo error: %s\n", cairo_status_to_string(status));
    cairo_destroy(cr);
}

static void endPage(GooString *imageFileName)
{
    cairo_status_t status;

    if (printing) {
        cairo_surface_show_page(surface);

#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_WIN32_SURFACE
        if (printToWin32)
            win32EndPage(imageFileName);
#endif

    } else {
        writePageImage(imageFileName);
        cairo_surface_finish(surface);
        status = cairo_surface_status(surface);
        if (status)
            fprintf(stderr, "cairo error: %s\n", cairo_status_to_string(status));
        cairo_surface_destroy(surface);
    }
}

static void endDocument()
{
    cairo_status_t status;

    if (printing) {
        cairo_surface_finish(surface);
        status = cairo_surface_status(surface);
        if (status)
            fprintf(stderr, "cairo error: %s\n", cairo_status_to_string(status));
        cairo_surface_destroy(surface);
#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_WIN32_SURFACE
        if (printToWin32)
            win32EndDocument();
#endif
        if (output_file)
            fclose(output_file);
    }
}

static bool setPSPaperSize(char *size, int &psPaperWidth, int &psPaperHeight)
{
    if (!strcmp(size, "match")) {
        psPaperWidth = psPaperHeight = -1;
    } else if (!strcmp(size, "letter")) {
        psPaperWidth = 612;
        psPaperHeight = 792;
    } else if (!strcmp(size, "legal")) {
        psPaperWidth = 612;
        psPaperHeight = 1008;
    } else if (!strcmp(size, "A4")) {
        psPaperWidth = 595;
        psPaperHeight = 842;
    } else if (!strcmp(size, "A3")) {
        psPaperWidth = 842;
        psPaperHeight = 1190;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

static GooString *getImageFileName(GooString *outputFileName, int numDigits, int page)
{
    char buf[10];
    GooString *imageName = new GooString(outputFileName);
    if (!singleFile) {
        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "-%0*d", numDigits, page);
        imageName->append(buf);
    }
    if (outputFileName->cmp("fd://0") != 0) {
        if (png)
            imageName->append(".png");
        else if (jpeg)
            imageName->append(".jpg");
        else if (tiff)
            imageName->append(".tif");
    }

    return imageName;
}

// If (printing || singleFile) the output file name includes the
// extension. Otherwise it is the file name base.
static GooString *getOutputFileName(GooString *fileName, GooString *outputName)
{
    GooString *name;

    if (outputName) {
        if (outputName->cmp("-") == 0) {
            if (printToWin32 || (!printing && !singleFile)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Error: stdout may only be used with the ps, eps, pdf, svg output options or if -singlefile is used.\n");
                exit(99);
            }
            return new GooString("fd://0");
        }
        return new GooString(outputName);
    }

    if (printToWin32)
        return nullptr; // No output file means print to printer

    if (fileName->cmp("fd://0") == 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: an output filename or '-' must be supplied when the PDF file is stdin.\n");
        exit(99);
    }

    // be careful not to overwrite the input file when the output format is PDF
    if (pdf && fileName->cmpN("http://", 7) != 0 && fileName->cmpN("https://", 8) != 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: an output filename or '-' must be supplied when the output format is PDF and input PDF file is a local file.\n");
        exit(99);
    }

    // strip everything up to last '/'
    const char *s = fileName->c_str();
    const char *p = strrchr(s, '/');
    if (p) {
        p++;
        if (*p == 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error: invalid output filename.\n");
            exit(99);
        }
        name = new GooString(p);
    } else {
        name = new GooString(s);
    }

    // remove .pdf extension
    p = strrchr(name->c_str(), '.');
    if (p && strcasecmp(p, ".pdf") == 0) {
        GooString *name2 = new GooString(name->c_str(), name->getLength() - 4);
        delete name;
        name = name2;
    }

    // append new extension
    if (ps)
        name->append(".ps");
    else if (eps)
        name->append(".eps");
    else if (pdf)
        name->append(".pdf");
    else if (svg)
        name->append(".svg");

    return name;
}

static void checkInvalidPrintOption(bool option, const char *option_name)
{
    if (option) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s may only be used with the -png, -jpeg, or -tiff output options.\n", option_name);
        exit(99);
    }
}

static void checkInvalidImageOption(bool option, const char *option_name)
{
    if (option) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s may only be used with the -ps, -eps, -pdf, or -svg output options.\n", option_name);
        exit(99);
    }
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    PDFDoc *doc;
    GooString *fileName = nullptr;
    GooString *outputName = nullptr;
    GooString *outputFileName = nullptr;
    GooString *imageFileName = nullptr;
    GooString *ownerPW, *userPW;
    CairoOutputDev *cairoOut;
    int pg, pg_num_len;
    double pg_w, pg_h, tmp, output_w, output_h;
    int num_outputs;

    // parse args
    Win32Console win32Console(&argc, &argv);
    if (!parseArgs(argDesc, &argc, argv)) {
        printUsage("pdftocairo", nullptr, argDesc);
        exit(99);
    }

    if (resolution != 0.0 && (x_resolution == 150.0 || y_resolution == 150.0)) {
        x_resolution = resolution;
        y_resolution = resolution;
    }
    if (argc < 2 || argc > 3 || printVersion || printHelp) {
        fprintf(stderr, "pdftocairo version %s\n", PACKAGE_VERSION);
        fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", popplerCopyright);
        fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", xpdfCopyright);
        if (!printVersion) {
            printUsage("pdftocairo", "<PDF-file> [<output-file>]", argDesc);
        }
        if (printVersion || printHelp)
            exit(0);
        else
            exit(99);
    }

    num_outputs = (png ? 1 : 0) + (jpeg ? 1 : 0) + (tiff ? 1 : 0) + (ps ? 1 : 0) + (eps ? 1 : 0) + (pdf ? 1 : 0) + (printToWin32 ? 1 : 0) + (printdlg ? 1 : 0) + (svg ? 1 : 0);
    if (num_outputs == 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: one of the output format options (-png, -jpeg, -ps, -eps, -pdf, -print, -printdlg, -svg) must be used.\n");
        exit(99);
    }
    if (num_outputs > 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: use only one of the output format options (-png, -jpeg, -ps, -eps, -pdf, -printdlg, -print, -svg).\n");
        exit(99);
    }
    if (png || jpeg || tiff)
        printing = false;
    else
        printing = true;

    if (printing) {
        checkInvalidPrintOption(mono, "-mono");
        checkInvalidPrintOption(gray, "-gray");
        checkInvalidPrintOption(transp, "-transp");
        checkInvalidPrintOption(icc.c_str()[0], "-icc");
        checkInvalidPrintOption(singleFile, "-singlefile");
        checkInvalidPrintOption(useCropBox, "-cropbox");
        checkInvalidPrintOption(scaleTo != 0, "-scale-to");
        checkInvalidPrintOption(x_scaleTo != 0, "-scale-to-x");
        checkInvalidPrintOption(y_scaleTo != 0, "-scale-to-y");
    } else {
        checkInvalidImageOption(level2, "-level2");
        checkInvalidImageOption(level3, "-level3");
        checkInvalidImageOption(origPageSizes, "-origpagesizes");
        checkInvalidImageOption(paperSize[0], "-paper");
        checkInvalidImageOption(paperWidth > 0, "-paperw");
        checkInvalidImageOption(paperHeight > 0, "-paperh");
        checkInvalidImageOption(noCrop, "-nocrop");
        checkInvalidImageOption(expand, "-expand");
        checkInvalidImageOption(noShrink, "-noshrink");
        checkInvalidImageOption(noCenter, "-nocenter");
        checkInvalidImageOption(duplex, "-duplex");
    }

    if (printing)
        useCropBox = !noCrop;

    if (icc.c_str()[0] && !png) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: -icc may only be used with png output.\n");
        exit(99);
    }

    if (antialias.getLength() > 0) {
        if (!parseAntialiasOption())
            exit(99);
    }

    if (transp && !(png || tiff)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: -transp may only be used with png or tiff output.\n");
        exit(99);
    }

    if (mono && gray) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: -mono and -gray may not be used together.\n");
        exit(99);
    }

    if (mono && !(png || tiff)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: -mono may only be used with png or tiff output.\n");
        exit(99);
    }

    if (jpegOpt.getLength() > 0) {
        if (!jpeg) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error: -jpegopt may only be used with jpeg output.\n");
            exit(99);
        }
        if (!parseJpegOptions())
            exit(99);
    }

    if (strlen(tiffCompressionStr) > 0 && !tiff) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: -tiffcompression may only be used with tiff output.\n");
        exit(99);
    }

    if (level2 && level3) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: use only one of the 'level' options.\n");
        exit(99);
    }
    if (!level2 && !level3)
        level3 = true;

    if (eps && (origPageSizes || paperSize[0] || paperWidth > 0 || paperHeight > 0)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: page size options may not be used with eps output.\n");
        exit(99);
    }

    if ((paperWidth > 0 && paperHeight <= 0) || (paperWidth <= 0 && paperHeight > 0)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: both -paperw and -paperh must be specified.\n");
        exit(99);
    }

    if (paperSize[0]) {
        if (origPageSizes) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error: -origpagesizes and -paper may not be used together.\n");
            exit(99);
        }
        if (!setPSPaperSize(paperSize, paperWidth, paperHeight)) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Invalid paper size\n");
            exit(99);
        }
    }
    if (origPageSizes || paperWidth < 0 || paperHeight < 0)
        usePDFPageSize = true;
    else
        usePDFPageSize = false;

    if (printdlg)
        printToWin32 = true;

    globalParams = std::make_unique<GlobalParams>();
    if (quiet) {
        globalParams->setErrQuiet(quiet);
    }

    // open PDF file
    if (ownerPassword[0]) {
        ownerPW = new GooString(ownerPassword);
    } else {
        ownerPW = nullptr;
    }
    if (userPassword[0]) {
        userPW = new GooString(userPassword);
    } else {
        userPW = nullptr;
    }

    fileName = new GooString(argv[1]);
    if (fileName->cmp("-") == 0) {
        delete fileName;
        fileName = new GooString("fd://0");
    }
    if (argc == 3)
        outputName = new GooString(argv[2]);
    else
        outputName = nullptr;

    outputFileName = getOutputFileName(fileName, outputName);

#ifdef USE_CMS
    icc_data = nullptr;
    if (icc.c_str()[0]) {
        FILE *file = fopen(icc.c_str(), "rb");
        if (!file) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error: unable to open icc profile %s\n", icc.c_str());
            exit(4);
        }
        fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
        icc_data_size = ftell(file);
        fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);
        icc_data = (unsigned char *)gmalloc(icc_data_size);
        if (fread(icc_data, icc_data_size, 1, file) != 1) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error: unable to read icc profile %s\n", icc.c_str());
            exit(4);
        }
        fclose(file);
        profile = make_GfxLCMSProfilePtr(cmsOpenProfileFromMem(icc_data, icc_data_size));
        if (!profile) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error: lcms error opening profile\n");
            exit(4);
        }
    } else {
        profile = make_GfxLCMSProfilePtr(cmsCreate_sRGBProfile());
    }
#endif

    doc = PDFDocFactory().createPDFDoc(*fileName, ownerPW, userPW);
    if (!doc->isOk()) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error opening PDF file.\n");
        exit(1);
    }

#ifdef ENFORCE_PERMISSIONS
    // check for print permission
    if (printing && !doc->okToPrint()) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Printing this document is not allowed.\n");
        exit(3);
    }
#endif

    // get page range
    if (firstPage < 1)
        firstPage = 1;
    if (singleFile && lastPage < 1)
        lastPage = firstPage;
    if (lastPage < 1 || lastPage > doc->getNumPages())
        lastPage = doc->getNumPages();

    if (lastPage < firstPage) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Wrong page range given: the first page (%d) can not be after the last page (%d).\n", firstPage, lastPage);
        exit(99);
    }
    if (eps && firstPage != lastPage) {
        fprintf(stderr, "EPS files can only contain one page.\n");
        exit(99);
    }

    // If our page range selection and document size indicate we're only
    // outputting a single page, ensure that even/odd page selection doesn't
    // filter out that single page.
    if (firstPage == lastPage && ((printOnlyEven && firstPage % 2 == 1) || (printOnlyOdd && firstPage % 2 == 0))) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Invalid even/odd page selection, no pages match criteria.\n");
        exit(99);
    }

    if (singleFile && firstPage < lastPage) {
        if (!quiet) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Single file will write only the first of the %d pages.\n", lastPage + 1 - firstPage);
        }
        lastPage = firstPage;
    }

#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_WIN32_SURFACE
    if (printdlg) {
        bool allPages = false;
        if (firstPage == 1 && lastPage == doc->getNumPages())
            allPages = true;
        win32ShowPrintDialog(&expand, &noShrink, &noCenter, &usePDFPageSize, &allPages, &firstPage, &lastPage, doc->getNumPages());
        if (allPages) {
            firstPage = 1;
            lastPage = doc->getNumPages();
        }
    } else if (printToWin32) {
        win32SetupPrinter(&printer, &printOpt, duplex, setupdlg);
    }
#endif

    cairoOut = new CairoOutputDev();
#ifdef USE_CMS
    cairoOut->setDisplayProfile(profile);
#endif
    cairoOut->startDoc(doc);
    if (sz != 0)
        crop_w = crop_h = sz;
    pg_num_len = numberOfCharacters(doc->getNumPages());
    for (pg = firstPage; pg <= lastPage; ++pg) {
        if (printOnlyEven && pg % 2 == 1)
            continue;
        if (printOnlyOdd && pg % 2 == 0)
            continue;
        if (useCropBox) {
            pg_w = doc->getPageCropWidth(pg);
            pg_h = doc->getPageCropHeight(pg);
        } else {
            pg_w = doc->getPageMediaWidth(pg);
            pg_h = doc->getPageMediaHeight(pg);
        }

        if (printing && pg == firstPage) {
            if (paperWidth < 0 || paperHeight < 0) {
                paperWidth = (int)ceil(pg_w);
                paperHeight = (int)ceil(pg_h);
            }
        }

        if ((doc->getPageRotate(pg) == 90) || (doc->getPageRotate(pg) == 270)) {
            tmp = pg_w;
            pg_w = pg_h;
            pg_h = tmp;
        }
        if (scaleTo != 0) {
            resolution = (72.0 * scaleTo) / (pg_w > pg_h ? pg_w : pg_h);
            x_resolution = y_resolution = resolution;
        } else {
            if (x_scaleTo > 0) {
                x_resolution = (72.0 * x_scaleTo) / pg_w;
                if (y_scaleTo == -1)
                    y_resolution = x_resolution;
            }
            if (y_scaleTo > 0) {
                y_resolution = (72.0 * y_scaleTo) / pg_h;
                if (x_scaleTo == -1)
                    x_resolution = y_resolution;
            }
        }
        if (imageFileName) {
            delete imageFileName;
            imageFileName = nullptr;
        }
        if (!printing)
            imageFileName = getImageFileName(outputFileName, pg_num_len, pg);
        getOutputSize(pg_w, pg_h, &output_w, &output_h);

        if (pg == firstPage)
            beginDocument(fileName, outputFileName, output_w, output_h);
        beginPage(&output_w, &output_h);
        renderPage(doc, cairoOut, pg, pg_w, pg_h, output_w, output_h);
        endPage(imageFileName);
    }
    endDocument();

    // clean up
    delete cairoOut;
    delete doc;
    if (fileName)
        delete fileName;
    if (outputName)
        delete outputName;
    if (outputFileName)
        delete outputFileName;
    if (imageFileName)
        delete imageFileName;
    if (ownerPW)
        delete ownerPW;
    if (userPW)
        delete userPW;

#ifdef USE_CMS
    if (icc_data)
        gfree(icc_data);
#endif

    return 0;
}
