"""Terminal management for exposing terminals to a web interface using Tornado.
"""
# Copyright (c) Jupyter Development Team
# Copyright (c) 2014, Ramalingam Saravanan <sarava@sarava.net>
# Distributed under the terms of the Simplified BSD License.
from __future__ import annotations

import asyncio
import codecs
import itertools
import logging
import os
import select
import signal
import warnings
from collections import deque
from concurrent import futures
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Coroutine

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from terminado.websocket import TermSocket

try:
    from ptyprocess import PtyProcessUnicode  # type:ignore[import-untyped]

    def preexec_fn() -> None:
        """A prexec function to set up a signal handler."""
        signal.signal(signal.SIGPIPE, signal.SIG_DFL)

except ImportError:
    try:
        from winpty import PtyProcess as PtyProcessUnicode  # type:ignore[import-not-found]
    except ImportError:
        PtyProcessUnicode = object
    preexec_fn = None  # type:ignore[assignment]

from tornado.ioloop import IOLoop

ENV_PREFIX = "PYXTERM_"  # Environment variable prefix

# TERM is set according to xterm.js capabilities
DEFAULT_TERM_TYPE = "xterm-256color"


class PtyWithClients:
    """A pty object with associated clients."""

    term_name: str | None

    def __init__(self, argv: Any, env: dict[str, str] | None = None, cwd: str | None = None):
        """Initialize the pty."""
        self.clients: list[Any] = []
        # Use read_buffer to store historical messages for reconnection
        self.read_buffer: deque[str] = deque([], maxlen=1000)
        kwargs = {"argv": argv, "env": env or [], "cwd": cwd}
        if preexec_fn is not None:
            kwargs["preexec_fn"] = preexec_fn
        self.ptyproc = PtyProcessUnicode.spawn(**kwargs)
        # The output might not be strictly UTF-8 encoded, so
        # we replace the inner decoder of PtyProcessUnicode
        # to allow non-strict decode.
        self.ptyproc.decoder = codecs.getincrementaldecoder("utf-8")(errors="replace")

    def resize_to_smallest(self) -> None:
        """Set the terminal size to that of the smallest client dimensions.

        A terminal not using the full space available is much nicer than a
        terminal trying to use more than the available space, so we keep it
        sized to the smallest client.
        """
        minrows = mincols = 10001
        for client in self.clients:
            rows, cols = client.size
            if rows is not None and rows < minrows:
                minrows = rows
            if cols is not None and cols < mincols:
                mincols = cols

        if minrows == 10001 or mincols == 10001:  # noqa
            return

        rows, cols = self.ptyproc.getwinsize()
        if (rows, cols) != (minrows, mincols):
            self.ptyproc.setwinsize(minrows, mincols)

    def kill(self, sig: int = signal.SIGTERM) -> None:
        """Send a signal to the process in the pty"""
        self.ptyproc.kill(sig)

    def killpg(self, sig: int = signal.SIGTERM) -> Any:
        """Send a signal to the process group of the process in the pty"""
        if os.name == "nt":
            return self.ptyproc.kill(sig)
        pgid = os.getpgid(self.ptyproc.pid)
        os.killpg(pgid, sig)

    async def terminate(self, force: bool = False) -> bool:
        """This forces a child process to terminate. It starts nicely with
        SIGHUP and SIGINT. If "force" is True then moves onto SIGKILL. This
        returns True if the child was terminated. This returns False if the
        child could not be terminated."""
        if os.name == "nt":
            signals = [signal.SIGINT, signal.SIGTERM]
        else:
            signals = [signal.SIGHUP, signal.SIGCONT, signal.SIGINT, signal.SIGTERM]

        _ = IOLoop.current()

        def sleep() -> Coroutine[Any, Any, None]:
            """Sleep to allow the terminal to exit gracefully."""
            return asyncio.sleep(self.ptyproc.delayafterterminate)

        if not self.ptyproc.isalive():
            return True
        try:
            for sig in signals:
                self.kill(sig)
                await sleep()
                if not self.ptyproc.isalive():
                    return True
            if force:
                self.kill(signal.SIGKILL)
                await sleep()
                return bool(not self.ptyproc.isalive())
            return False
        except OSError:
            # I think there are kernel timing issues that sometimes cause
            # this to happen. I think isalive() reports True, but the
            # process is dead to the kernel.
            # Make one last attempt to see if the kernel is up to date.
            await sleep()
            return bool(not self.ptyproc.isalive())


def _update_removing(target: Any, changes: Any) -> None:
    """Like dict.update(), but remove keys where the value is None."""
    for k, v in changes.items():
        if v is None:
            target.pop(k, None)
        else:
            target[k] = v


def _poll(fd: int, timeout: float = 0.1) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
    """Poll using poll() on posix systems and select() elsewhere (e.g., Windows)"""
    if os.name == "posix":
        poller = select.poll()
        poller.register(
            fd, select.POLLIN | select.POLLPRI | select.POLLHUP | select.POLLERR
        )  # read-only
        return poller.poll(timeout * 1000)  # milliseconds
    else:
        # poll() not supported on Windows
        r, _, _ = select.select([fd], [], [], timeout)
        return r


class TermManagerBase:
    """Base class for a terminal manager."""

    def __init__(  # noqa
        self,
        shell_command: str,
        server_url: str = "",
        term_settings: Any = None,
        extra_env: Any = None,
        ioloop: Any = None,
        blocking_io_executor: Any = None,
    ):
        """Initialize the manager."""
        self.shell_command = shell_command
        self.server_url = server_url
        self.term_settings = term_settings or {}
        self.extra_env = extra_env
        self.log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

        self.ptys_by_fd: dict[int, PtyWithClients] = {}

        if blocking_io_executor is None:
            self._blocking_io_executor_is_external = False
            self.blocking_io_executor = futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1)
        else:
            self._blocking_io_executor_is_external = True
            self.blocking_io_executor = blocking_io_executor

        if ioloop is not None:
            warnings.warn(
                f"Setting {self.__class__.__name__}.ioloop is deprecated and ignored",
                DeprecationWarning,
                stacklevel=2,
            )

    def make_term_env(
        self,
        height: int = 25,
        width: int = 80,
        winheight: int = 0,
        winwidth: int = 0,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> dict[str, str]:
        """Build the environment variables for the process in the terminal."""
        env = os.environ.copy()
        # ignore any previously set TERM
        # TERM is set according to xterm.js capabilities
        env["TERM"] = self.term_settings.get("type", DEFAULT_TERM_TYPE)
        dimensions = "%dx%d" % (width, height)
        if winwidth and winheight:
            dimensions += ";%dx%d" % (winwidth, winheight)
        env[ENV_PREFIX + "DIMENSIONS"] = dimensions
        env["COLUMNS"] = str(width)
        env["LINES"] = str(height)

        if self.server_url:
            env[ENV_PREFIX + "URL"] = self.server_url

        if self.extra_env:
            _update_removing(env, self.extra_env)

        term_env = kwargs.get("extra_env", {})
        if term_env and isinstance(term_env, dict):
            _update_removing(env, term_env)

        return env

    def new_terminal(self, **kwargs: Any) -> PtyWithClients:
        """Make a new terminal, return a :class:`PtyWithClients` instance."""
        options = self.term_settings.copy()
        options["shell_command"] = self.shell_command
        options.update(kwargs)
        argv = options["shell_command"]
        env = self.make_term_env(**options)
        cwd = options.get("cwd", None)
        return PtyWithClients(argv, env, cwd)

    def start_reading(self, ptywclients: PtyWithClients) -> None:
        """Connect a terminal to the tornado event loop to read data from it."""
        fd = ptywclients.ptyproc.fd
        self.ptys_by_fd[fd] = ptywclients
        loop = IOLoop.current()
        loop.add_handler(fd, self.pty_read, loop.READ)

    def on_eof(self, ptywclients: PtyWithClients) -> None:
        """Called when the pty has closed."""
        # Stop trying to read from that terminal
        fd = ptywclients.ptyproc.fd
        self.log.info("EOF on FD %d; stopping reading", fd)
        del self.ptys_by_fd[fd]
        IOLoop.current().remove_handler(fd)

        # This closes the fd, and should result in the process being reaped.
        ptywclients.ptyproc.close()

    def pty_read(self, fd: int, events: Any = None) -> None:
        """Called by the event loop when there is pty data ready to read."""
        # prevent blocking on fd
        if not _poll(fd, timeout=0.1):  # 100ms
            self.log.debug(f"Spurious pty_read() on fd {fd}")
            return
        ptywclients = self.ptys_by_fd[fd]
        try:
            self.pre_pty_read_hook(ptywclients)
            s = ptywclients.ptyproc.read(65536)
            ptywclients.read_buffer.append(s)
            for client in ptywclients.clients:
                client.on_pty_read(s)
        except EOFError:
            self.on_eof(ptywclients)
            for client in ptywclients.clients:
                client.on_pty_died()

    def pre_pty_read_hook(self, ptywclients: PtyWithClients) -> None:
        """Hook before pty read, subclass can patch something into ptywclients when pty_read"""

    def get_terminal(self, url_component: Any = None) -> PtyWithClients:
        """Override in a subclass to give a terminal to a new websocket connection

        The :class:`TermSocket` handler works with zero or one URL components
        (capturing groups in the URL spec regex). If it receives one, it is
        passed as the ``url_component`` parameter; otherwise, this is None.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    def client_disconnected(self, websocket: Any) -> None:
        """Override this to e.g. kill terminals on client disconnection."""
        pass

    async def shutdown(self) -> None:
        """Shutdown the manager."""
        await self.kill_all()
        if not self._blocking_io_executor_is_external:
            self.blocking_io_executor.shutdown(wait=False, cancel_futures=True)  # type:ignore[call-arg]

    async def kill_all(self) -> None:
        """Kill all terminals."""
        futures = []
        for term in self.ptys_by_fd.values():
            futures.append(term.terminate(force=True))
        # wait for futures to finish
        if futures:
            await asyncio.gather(*futures)


class SingleTermManager(TermManagerBase):
    """All connections to the websocket share a common terminal."""

    def __init__(self, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        """Initialize the manager."""
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.terminal: PtyWithClients | None = None

    def get_terminal(self, url_component: Any = None) -> PtyWithClients:
        """ "Get the singleton terminal."""
        if self.terminal is None:
            self.terminal = self.new_terminal()
            self.start_reading(self.terminal)
        return self.terminal

    async def kill_all(self) -> None:
        """Kill the singletone terminal."""
        await super().kill_all()
        self.terminal = None


class MaxTerminalsReached(Exception):  # noqa
    """An error raised when we exceed the max number of terminals."""

    def __init__(self, max_terminals: int) -> None:
        """Initialize the error."""
        self.max_terminals = max_terminals

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        """The string representation of the error."""
        return "Cannot create more than %d terminals" % self.max_terminals


class UniqueTermManager(TermManagerBase):
    """Give each websocket a unique terminal to use."""

    def __init__(self, max_terminals: int | None = None, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        """Initialize the manager."""
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.max_terminals = max_terminals

    def get_terminal(self, url_component: Any = None) -> PtyWithClients:
        """Get a terminal from the manager."""
        if self.max_terminals and len(self.ptys_by_fd) >= self.max_terminals:
            raise MaxTerminalsReached(self.max_terminals)

        term = self.new_terminal()
        self.start_reading(term)
        return term

    def client_disconnected(self, websocket: TermSocket) -> None:
        """Send terminal SIGHUP when client disconnects."""
        self.log.info("Websocket closed, sending SIGHUP to terminal.")
        if websocket.terminal:
            if os.name == "nt":
                websocket.terminal.kill()
                # Immediately call the pty reader to process
                # the eof and free up space
                self.pty_read(websocket.terminal.ptyproc.fd)
                return
            websocket.terminal.killpg(signal.SIGHUP)


class NamedTermManager(TermManagerBase):
    """Share terminals between websockets connected to the same endpoint."""

    def __init__(self, max_terminals: Any = None, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        """Initialize the manager."""
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.max_terminals = max_terminals
        self.terminals: dict[str, PtyWithClients] = {}

    def get_terminal(self, term_name: str) -> PtyWithClients:  # type:ignore[override]
        """Get or create a terminal by name."""
        assert term_name is not None  # noqa

        if term_name in self.terminals:
            return self.terminals[term_name]

        if self.max_terminals and len(self.terminals) >= self.max_terminals:
            raise MaxTerminalsReached(self.max_terminals)

        # Create new terminal
        self.log.info("New terminal with specified name: %s", term_name)
        term = self.new_terminal()
        term.term_name = term_name
        self.terminals[term_name] = term
        self.start_reading(term)
        return term

    name_template = "%d"

    def _next_available_name(self) -> str | None:
        for n in itertools.count(start=1):
            name = self.name_template % n
            if name not in self.terminals:
                return name
        return None

    def new_named_terminal(self, **kwargs: Any) -> tuple[str, PtyWithClients]:
        """Create a new named terminal with an automatic name."""
        name = kwargs["name"] if "name" in kwargs else self._next_available_name()
        term = self.new_terminal(**kwargs)
        self.log.info("New terminal with automatic name: %s", name)
        term.term_name = name
        self.terminals[name] = term
        self.start_reading(term)
        return name, term

    def kill(self, name: str, sig: int = signal.SIGTERM) -> None:
        """Kill a terminal by name."""
        term = self.terminals[name]
        term.kill(sig)  # This should lead to an EOF

    async def terminate(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> None:
        """Terminate a terminal by name."""
        term = self.terminals[name]
        await term.terminate(force=force)

    def on_eof(self, ptywclients: PtyWithClients) -> None:
        """Handle end of file for a pty with clients."""
        super().on_eof(ptywclients)
        name = ptywclients.term_name
        self.log.info("Terminal %s closed", name)
        assert name is not None  # noqa: S101
        self.terminals.pop(name, None)

    async def kill_all(self) -> None:
        """Kill all terminals."""
        await super().kill_all()
        self.terminals = {}
