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API Notes

RtAudio is designed to provide a common API across the various supported operating systems and audio libraries. Despite that, some issues should be mentioned with regard to each.

# Linux:

RtAudio for Linux was originally developed under Redhat Fedora distributions. Four different audio APIs are supported on Linux platforms: OSS (versions >= 4.0), ALSA, Jack, and PulseAudio. Note that the OSS API implementation was not tested in the latest version of RtAudio due to lack of availability ... bugs are likely. The ALSA API is now part of the Linux kernel and offers significantly better functionality than the OSS API. RtAudio provides support for the 1.0 and higher versions of ALSA. Jack is a low-latency audio server written primarily for the GNU/Linux operating system. It can connect a number of different applications to an audio device, as well as allow them to share audio between themselves. Input/output latency on the order of 15 milliseconds can typically be achieved using any of the Linux APIs by fine-tuning the RtAudio buffer parameters (without kernel modifications). Latencies on the order of 5 milliseconds or less can be achieved using a low-latency kernel patch and increasing FIFO scheduling priority. The pthread library, which is used for callback functionality, is a standard component of all Linux distributions.

The ALSA implementation of RtAudio makes no use of the ALSA "plug" interface. All necessary data format conversions, channel compensation, de-interleaving, and byte-swapping is handled by internal RtAudio routines.

# Macintosh OS-X (CoreAudio and Jack):

The Apple CoreAudio API is designed to use a separate callback procedure for each of its audio devices. An RtAudio duplex stream using two different devices is normal, as CoreAudio enumerates input and output devices separately. The numberOfBuffers parameter to the RtAudio::openStream() function has no affect in this implementation.

It is not possible to have multiple instances of RtAudio streaming to/from the same CoreAudio device.

The RtAudio Jack support can be compiled on Macintosh OS-X systems, as well as in Linux.

# Windows (DirectSound):

The `configure` script provides support for the MinGW compiler. DirectSound support is specified with the "--with-ds" flag.

In order to compile RtAudio under Windows for the DirectSound API, you must have the header and source files for DirectSound version 5.0 or higher. As far as I know, there is no DirectSoundCapture support for Windows NT. Audio output latency with DirectSound can be reasonably good, especially since RtAudio version 3.0.2. Input audio latency still tends to be bad but better since version 3.0.2. RtAudio was originally developed with Visual C++ version 6.0 but has been tested with .NET.

The DirectSound version of RtAudio can be compiled with or without the UNICODE preprocessor definition.

# Windows (ASIO):

ASIO support using MinGW and the `configure` script is specified with the "--with-asio" flag.

The Steinberg ASIO audio API allows only a single device driver to be loaded and accessed at a time. ASIO device drivers must be supplied by audio hardware manufacturers, though ASIO emulation is possible on top of systems with DirectSound drivers. The numberOfBuffers parameter to the RtAudio::openStream() function has no affect in this implementation.

A number of ASIO source and header files are required for use with RtAudio. Specifically, an RtAudio project must include the following files: `asio.h,cpp; asiodrivers.h,cpp; asiolist.h,cpp; asiodrvr.h; asiosys.h; ginclude.h; iasiodrv.h; iasiothiscallresolver.h,cpp`. The Visual C++ projects found in `/tests/Windows/` compile both ASIO and DirectSound support.

The Steinberg provided `asiolist` class may not compile when the preprocessor definition UNICODE is defined. Note that this could be an issue when using RtAudio with Qt, though Qt programs appear to compile without the UNICODE definition (try `DEFINES -= UNICODE` in your .pro file). RtAudio with ASIO support has been tested using the MinGW compiler under Windows XP, as well as in the Visual Studio environment.

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