These functions work with the Spatial Reference System of geometries as defined in the `spatial_ref_sys` table.

# Spatial Reference System Functions

ST_SetSRID

Set the SRID on a geometry.

    			geometry ST_SetSRID

    			geometry
    			geom

    			integer
    			srid

### Description

Sets the SRID on a geometry to a particular integer value. Useful in constructing bounding boxes for queries.

This function does not transform the geometry coordinates in any way - it simply sets the meta data defining the spatial reference system the geometry is assumed to be in. Use ST_Transform if you want to transform the geometry into a new projection.

&sfs_compliant;

&curve_support;

### Examples

-- Mark a point as WGS 84 long lat --

    SELECT ST_SetSRID(ST_Point(-123.365556, 48.428611),4326) As wgs84long_lat;
    -- the ewkt representation (wrap with ST_AsEWKT) -
    SRID=4326;POINT(-123.365556 48.428611)

-- Mark a point as WGS 84 long lat and then transform to web mercator (Spherical Mercator) --

    SELECT ST_Transform(ST_SetSRID(ST_Point(-123.365556, 48.428611),4326),3785) As spere_merc;
    -- the ewkt representation (wrap with ST_AsEWKT) -
    SRID=3785;POINT(-13732990.8753491 6178458.96425423)

### See Also

spatial_ref_sys, ST_SRID, ST_Transform, UpdateGeometrySRID

ST_SRID

Returns the spatial reference identifier for a geometry.

    			integer ST_SRID
    			geometry  g1

### Description

Returns the spatial reference identifier for the ST_Geometry as defined in spatial_ref_sys table. spatial_ref_sys

spatial_ref_sys table is a table that catalogs all spatial reference systems known to PostGIS and is used for transformations from one spatial reference system to another. So verifying you have the right spatial reference system identifier is important if you plan to ever transform your geometries.

&sfs_compliant; s2.1.1.1

&sqlmm_compliant; SQL-MM 3: 5.1.5

&curve_support;

### Examples

    SELECT ST_SRID(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(-71.1043 42.315)',4326));
    		--result
    		4326

### See Also

spatial_ref_sys, ST_SetSRID, ST_Transform, TG_ST_SRID

ST_Transform

Return a new geometry with coordinates transformed to a different spatial reference system.

    			geometry ST_Transform
    			geometry  g1
    			integer  srid

                  geometry ST_Transform
                  geometry  geom
                  text  to_proj

                  geometry ST_Transform
                  geometry  geom
                  text  from_proj
                  text  to_proj

                  geometry ST_Transform
                  geometry  geom
                  text  from_proj
                  integer  to_srid

### Description

Returns a new geometry with its coordinates transformed to a different spatial reference system. The destination spatial reference `to_srid` may be identified by a valid SRID integer parameter (i.e. it must exist in the `spatial_ref_sys` table). Alternatively, a spatial reference defined as a PROJ.4 string can be used for `to_proj` and/or `from_proj`, however these methods are not optimized. If the destination spatial reference system is expressed with a PROJ.4 string instead of an SRID, the SRID of the output geometry will be set to zero. With the exception of functions with `from_proj`, input geometries must have a defined SRID.

ST_Transform is often confused with ST_SetSRID. ST_Transform actually changes the coordinates of a geometry from one spatial reference system to another, while ST_SetSRID() simply changes the SRID identifier of the geometry.

Requires PostGIS be compiled with PROJ support. Use PostGIS_Full_Version to confirm you have PROJ support compiled in.

If using more than one transformation, it is useful to have a functional index on the commonly used transformations to take advantage of index usage.

Prior to 1.3.4, this function crashes if used with geometries that contain CURVES. This is fixed in 1.3.4+

Enhanced: 2.0.0 support for Polyhedral surfaces was introduced.

Enhanced: 2.3.0 support for direct PROJ.4 text was introduced.

&sqlmm_compliant; SQL-MM 3: 5.1.6

&curve_support;

&P_support;

### Examples

Change Massachusetts state plane US feet geometry to WGS 84 long lat

    SELECT ST_AsText(ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((743238 2967416,743238 2967450,
    	743265 2967450,743265.625 2967416,743238 2967416))',2249),4326)) As wgs_geom;

     wgs_geom
    ---------------------------
     POLYGON((-71.1776848522251 42.3902896512902,-71.1776843766326 42.3903829478009,
    -71.1775844305465 42.3903826677917,-71.1775825927231 42.3902893647987,-71.177684
    8522251 42.3902896512902));
    (1 row)

    --3D Circular String example
    SELECT ST_AsEWKT(ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromEWKT('SRID=2249;CIRCULARSTRING(743238 2967416 1,743238 2967450 2,743265 2967450 3,743265.625 2967416 3,743238 2967416 4)'),4326));

    				 st_asewkt
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     SRID=4326;CIRCULARSTRING(-71.1776848522251 42.3902896512902 1,-71.1776843766326 42.3903829478009 2,
     -71.1775844305465 42.3903826677917 3,
     -71.1775825927231 42.3902893647987 3,-71.1776848522251 42.3902896512902 4)

Example of creating a partial functional index. For tables where you are not sure all the geometries will be filled in, its best to use a partial index that leaves out null geometries which will both conserve space and make your index smaller and more efficient.

    CREATE INDEX idx_geom_26986_parcels
      ON parcels
      USING gist
      (ST_Transform(geom, 26986))
      WHERE geom IS NOT NULL;

Examples of using PROJ.4 text to transform with custom spatial references.

    -- Find intersection of two polygons near the North pole, using a custom Gnomic projection
    -- See http://boundlessgeo.com/2012/02/flattening-the-peel/
     WITH data AS (
       SELECT
         ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((170 50,170 72,-130 72,-130 50,170 50))', 4326) AS p1,
         ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((-170 68,-170 90,-141 90,-141 68,-170 68))', 4326) AS p2,
         '+proj=gnom +ellps=WGS84 +lat_0=70 +lon_0=-160 +no_defs'::text AS gnom
     )
     SELECT ST_AsText(
       ST_Transform(
         ST_Intersection(ST_Transform(p1, gnom), ST_Transform(p2, gnom)),
       gnom, 4326))
     FROM data;
                                              st_astext
     --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      POLYGON((-170 74.053793645338,-141 73.4268621378904,-141 68,-170 68,-170 74.053793645338))

### Configuring transformation behavior

Sometimes coordinate transformation involving a grid-shift can fail, for example if PROJ.4 has not been built with grid-shift files or the coordinate does not lie within the range for which the grid shift is defined. By default, PostGIS will throw an error if a grid shift file is not present, but this behavior can be configured on a per-SRID basis either by testing different `to_proj` values of PROJ.4 text, or altering the `proj4text` value within the `spatial_ref_sys` table.

For example, the proj4text parameter +datum=NAD87 is a shorthand form for the following +nadgrids parameter:

    +nadgrids=@conus,@alaska,@ntv2_0.gsb,@ntv1_can.dat

The @ prefix means no error is reported if the files are not present, but if the end of the list is reached with no file having been appropriate (ie. found and overlapping) then an error is issued.

If, conversely, you wanted to ensure that at least the standard files were present, but that if all files were scanned without a hit a null transformation is applied you could use:

    +nadgrids=@conus,@alaska,@ntv2_0.gsb,@ntv1_can.dat,null

The null grid shift file is a valid grid shift file covering the whole world and applying no shift. So for a complete example, if you wanted to alter PostGIS so that transformations to SRID 4267 that didn't lie within the correct range did not throw an ERROR, you would use the following:

    UPDATE spatial_ref_sys SET proj4text = '+proj=longlat +ellps=clrk66 +nadgrids=@conus,@alaska,@ntv2_0.gsb,@ntv1_can.dat,null +no_defs' WHERE srid = 4267;

### See Also

spatial_ref_sys, ST_SetSRID, ST_SRID, UpdateGeometrySRID