<title>Compiling and Installing Fossil</title>

<h2>0.0 Using A Pre-compiled Binary</h2>

[/uv/download.html|Pre-compiled binaries] are available for recent
releases. Just download
the appropriate executable for your platform
and put it on your $PATH.
To uninstall, simply delete the executable.
To upgrade from an older release, just overwrite the older binary with
the newer one.

For details about how those binaries are built, see
[/wiki?name=Release+Build+How-To | the Release Build How-To wiki page].


<h2>0.1 Executive Summary</h2>

Building and installing is very simple.  Three steps:

<ol>
<li> Download and unpack a source tarball or ZIP.
<li> <b>./configure; make</b>
<li> Move the resulting "fossil" or "fossil.exe" executable to someplace on
your $PATH.
</ol>

<hr>

<h2>1.0 Obtaining The Source Code</h2>

Fossil is self-hosting, so you can obtain a ZIP archive or tarball
containing a snapshot of the <em>latest</em> version directly from
Fossil's own fossil repository. Additionally, source archives of
<em>released</em> versions of
fossil are available from the [/uv/download.html|downloads page].
To obtain a development version of fossil, follow these steps:

<ol>
<li>Point your web browser to [https://fossil-scm.org/]</li>

<li>Click on the [/timeline|Timeline]
link at the top of the page.</li>

<li>Select a version of of Fossil you want to download.  The latest
version on the trunk branch is usually a good choice.  Click on its
link.</li>

<li>Finally, click on one of the
"Zip Archive" or "Tarball" links, according to your preference.
These link will build a ZIP archive or a gzip-compressed tarball of the
complete source code and download it to your computer.</li>
</ol>

<h2>Aside: Is it really safe to use an unreleased development version of
the Fossil source code?</h2>

Yes!  Any check-in on the
[/timeline?t=trunk | trunk branch] of the Fossil
[https://fossil-scm.org/ | Fossil self-hosting repository]
will work fine.  (Dodgy code is always on a branch.)  In the unlikely
event that you pick a version with a serious bug, it still won't
clobber your files.  Fossil uses several
[./selfcheck.wiki | self-checks] prior to committing any
repository change that prevent loss-of-work due to bugs.

The Fossil [./selfhost.wiki | self-hosting repositories], especially
the one at [https://fossil-scm.org/home], usually run a version
of trunk that is less than a week or two old.  Look at the bottom
left-hand corner of this screen (to the right of "This page was
generated in...") to see exactly which version of Fossil is
rendering this page.  It is always safe to use whatever version
of the Fossil code you find running on the main Fossil website.

<h2>2.0 Compiling</h2>

<ol>
<li value="5">
Unpack the ZIP or tarball you downloaded then
<b>cd</b> into the directory created.</li>

<li><i>(Optional, Debian-compatible Linux only)</i>
Make sure you have all the necessary tools and libraries at hand by running:
<b>sudo apt install tcl-dev tk libssl-dev zlib1g-dev</b>.

<li><i>(Optional, Unix only)</i>
Run <b>./configure</b> to construct a makefile.

<ol type="a">
<li>
The build system for Fossil on Unix-like systems assumes that the
OpenSSL development and runtime files are available on your system,
because unprotected repositories are trivial to attack otherwise.
Indeed, some public Fossil repositories — including Fossil's own — today
run in an HTTPS-only mode, so that you can't even do an anonymous clone
from them without using the TLS features added to Fossil by OpenSSL. To
weaken that stance could allow a
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attack|man in the
middle attack], such as one that substitutes malicious code into your
Fossil repository clone.

You can force the Fossil build system to avoid searching for, building
against, and linking to the OpenSSL library by passing
<b>--with-openssl=none</b> to the <tt>configure</tt> script.

If you do not have the OpenSSL development libraries on your system,
we recommend that you install them, typically via your OS's package
manager. The Fossil build system goes to a lot of effort to seek these
out wherever they may be found, so that is typically all you need to
do.

For more advanced use cases, see the [./ssl.wiki#openssl-bin|OpenSSL
discussion in the "TLS and Fossil" document].
</li>

<li>
To build a statically linked binary, you can <i>try</i> adding
the <b>--static</b> option, but
[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3430400/linux-static-linking-is-dead
| it may well not work]. If your platform of choice is affected by this,
the simplest workaround we're aware of is to build a Fossil container,
then [./containers.md#static | extract the static executable from it].
</li>

<li>
To enable the native [./th1.md#tclEval | Tcl integration feature] feature,
add the <b>--with-tcl=1</b> and <b>--with-tcl-private-stubs=1</b> options.
</li>

<li>
Other configuration options can be seen by running
<b>./configure --help</b>
</li>
</ol>

<li>Run "<b>make</b>" to build the "fossil" or "fossil.exe" executable.
The details depend on your platform and compiler.</li>

<ol type="a">
<li><i>Unix</i> → the configure-generated Makefile should work on
all Unix and Unix-like systems.  Simply type "<b>make</b>".</li>

<li><i>Unix without running "configure"</i> → if you prefer to avoid
running configure, you can also use: <b>make -f Makefile.classic</b>.  You may
want to make minor edits to Makefile.classic to configure the build for your
system.</li>

<li><i>MinGW / MinGW-w64</i> → The best-supported path is to build
via the MinGW specific Makefile under a POSIX build of GNU make:
"<b>make -f win/Makefile.mingw</b>".</li>

There is limited support for building under MinGW's native Windows port
of GNU Make instead by defining the <tt>USE_WINDOWS=1</tt> variable, but
it's better to build under MSYS, Cygwin, or WSL on Windows since this
mode doesn't take care of cases such as the "openssl" target, which
depends on <tt>sed</tt>. We've gone as far down this path as is
practical short of breaking cross-compilation under Linux, macOS, and so
forth, as we'd have to do to make everything work under
<tt>cmd.exe</tt>.

Unless you're building under MSYS where commands like "<tt>gcc</tt>"
give MinGW's GCC and not some other version, you will need to make minor
edits to win/Makefile.mingw to configure the cross-compilation
environment. It should suffice to switch to one of the predefined
<tt>PREFIX</tt> values, causing the build to be done using
"<tt>x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc</tt>" for example, yielding a 64-bit native
Windows binary.

To enable the native [./th1.md#tclEval | Tcl integration feature], use a
command line like the following (all on one line):

<b>make -f win/Makefile.mingw FOSSIL_ENABLE_TCL=1 FOSSIL_ENABLE_TCL_STUBS=1 FOSSIL_ENABLE_TCL_PRIVATE_STUBS=1</b>

Alternatively, running <b>./configure</b> under MSYS should give a
suitable top-level Makefile. However, options passed to configure that are
not applicable on Windows may cause the configuration or compilation to fail
(e.g. fusefs, internal-sqlite, etc).

<li><i>MSVC</i> → Use the MSVC makefile.</li>

Run all of the following from a "x64 Native Tools Command Prompt". 

First
change to the "win/" subdirectory ("<b>cd win</b>") then run
"<b>nmake /f Makefile.msc</b>".<br><br>Alternatively, the batch
file "<b>win\buildmsvc.bat</b>" may be used and it will attempt to
detect and use the latest installed version of MSVC.<br><br>To enable
the optional <a href="https://www.openssl.org/">OpenSSL</a> support,
first <a href="https://www.openssl.org/source/">download the official
source code for OpenSSL</a> and extract it to an appropriately named
"<b>openssl</b>" subdirectory within the local
[/tree?ci=trunk&name=compat | compat] directory then make sure that some recent
<a href="http://www.perl.org/">Perl</a> binaries are installed locally,
and finally run one of the following commands:
<blockquote><pre>
nmake /f Makefile.msc FOSSIL_ENABLE_SSL=1 FOSSIL_BUILD_SSL=1 PERLDIR=C:\full\path\to\Perl\bin
</pre></blockquote>
<blockquote><pre>
buildmsvc.bat FOSSIL_ENABLE_SSL=1 FOSSIL_BUILD_SSL=1 PERLDIR=C:\full\path\to\Perl\bin
</pre></blockquote>
To enable the optional native [./th1.md#tclEval | Tcl integration feature],
run one of the following commands or add the &quot;FOSSIL_ENABLE_TCL=1&quot;
argument to one of the other NMAKE command lines:
<blockquote><pre>
nmake /f Makefile.msc FOSSIL_ENABLE_TCL=1
</pre></blockquote>
<blockquote><pre>
buildmsvc.bat FOSSIL_ENABLE_TCL=1
</pre></blockquote>

<li><i>Cygwin</i> → The same as other Unix-like systems. It is
recommended to configure using: "<b>configure --disable-internal-sqlite</b>",
making sure you have the "libsqlite3-devel" , "zlib-devel" and
"openssl-devel" packages installed first.</li>
</ol>
</ol>

<h2>3.0 Installing</h2>

<ol>
<li value="9">
The finished binary is named "fossil" (or "fossil.exe" on Windows).
Put this binary in a
directory that is somewhere on your PATH environment variable.
It does not matter where.
</li>

<li>
<b>(Optional:)</b>
To uninstall, just delete the binary.
</li>
</ol>

<h2>4.0 Additional Considerations</h2>

<ul>
<li>
  If the makefiles that come with Fossil do not work for
  you, or for some other reason you want to know how to build
  Fossil manually, then refer to the
  [./makefile.wiki | Fossil Build Process] document which describes
  in detail what the makefiles do behind the scenes.
</li>

<li>
  The fossil executable is self-contained and stand-alone and usually
  requires no special libraries or other software to be installed.  However,
  the "--tk" option to the [/help/diff|diff command] requires that Tcl/Tk
  be installed on the local machine.  You can get Tcl/Tk from
  [http://www.activestate.com/activetcl|ActiveState].
</li>

<li>
  To build on older Macs (circa 2002, MacOS 10.2) edit the Makefile
  generated by configure to add the following lines:
  <blockquote><pre>
  TCC += -DSQLITE_WITHOUT_ZONEMALLOC
  TCC += -D_BSD_SOURCE
  TCC += -DWITHOUT_ICONV
  TCC += -Dsocketlen_t=int
  TCC += -DSQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE=0
  </pre></blockquote>
</li>
</ul>


<h2 id="docker" name="oci">5.0 Building a Docker Container</h2>

The information on building Fossil inside an
[https://opencontainers.org/ | OCI container] is now in
[./containers.md | a separate document].

This includes the instructions on using the OCI container as an
expedient intermediary for building a statically-linked Fossil binary on
modern Linux platforms, which otherwise make this difficult.


<h2>6.0 Building on/for Android</h2>

<h3>6.1 Cross-compiling from Linux</h3>

The following instructions for building Fossil for Android via Linux,
without requiring a rooted OS, are adapted from
[forum:/forumpost/e0e9de4a7e | a forum post].

On the development machine, from the fossil source tree:

<pre><code>export CC=$NDK_PATH/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/armv7a-linux-androideabi21-clang
./configure --with-openssl=none
make
</code></pre>


On the Android device, enable the <em>USB debugging</em> option from
Developer menu in Device Options. Connect the device to the development
system with USB. If it's configured and connected properly,
the device should show up in the output of <code>adb devices</code>:

<pre><code>sudo adb devices
</code></pre>

Copy the resulting fossil binary onto the device...

<pre><code>sudo adb push fossil /data/local/tmp
</code></pre>

And run it from an <code>adb</code> shell:

<pre><code>sudo adb shell
&gt; cd /data/local/tmp
# Fossil requires a HOME directory to work with:
&gt; export HOME=$PWD
&gt; export PATH=$PWD:$PATH
&gt; fossil version
This is fossil version 2.11 &#91;e5653a4ceb] 2020-03-26 18:54:02 UTC
</code></pre>

The output might, or might not, include warnings such as:

<pre><code>WARNING: linker: ./fossil: unused DT entry: type 0x6ffffef5 arg 0x1464
WARNING: linker: ./fossil: unused DT entry: type 0x6ffffffe arg 0x1ba8
WARNING: linker: ./fossil: unused DT entry: type 0x6fffffff arg 0x2
</code></pre>

The source of such warnings is not 100% certain.
Some information about these (reportedly harmless) warnings can
be found
[https://stackoverflow.com/a/41900551 | on this StackOverflow post].


<a id='fuzzer'></a>
<h2>7.0 Building for Fuzz Testing</h2>

This feature is primarily intended for fossil's developers and may
change at any time. It is only known to work on Linux systems and has
been seen to work on x86/64 and ARM.

Fossil has builtin support for processing specific features using
<tt>libfuzzer</tt>. The features which can be tested this way are
found in the help text for the [/help?cmd=test-fuzz|test-fuzz
command].

Fuzzing requires:

  *  Customizing the build of fossil a small bit.
  *  The clang C compiler.
  *  libfuzzer. On Ubuntu-derived systems, it can be installed with
     <tt>apt install libfuzzer-XYZ</tt>, where XYZ is a version number
     (several versions may be available on any given system)


First, modify the top-level <tt>Makefile.in</tt>:

  *  Extend the <tt>TCCFLAGS</tt> variable with: <tt>-fsanitize=fuzzer
   -DFOSSIL_FUZZ</tt> (and see [/finfo/src/fuzz.c | src/fuzz.c] for
   more options).
  *  Rename <tt>APPNAME</tt> from <tt>fossil</tt> to <tt>fossil-fuzz</tt>.

Then rebuild:

<pre></code>$ make clean
$ ./configure CC=/path/to/clang
$ make
</code></pre>

If clang is your default compiler, the <tt>CC</tt> configure option is
not required.

The resulting <tt>fossil-fuzz</tt> binary differs from the standard
one primarily in that it runs the <tt>test-fuzz</tt> command by
default. It needs to be told what to fuzz and needs to be given a
directory of input files to seed the fuzzer with:


<pre></code>$ mkdir cases
  # Copy input files into ./cases. e.g. when fuzzing the markdown
  # processor, copy any to-be-tested .md files into that directory.
  # Then start the fuzzer:
$ ./fossil-fuzz --fuzztype markdown cases
</code></pre>

As it works, it writes its mutated test files into the test-input
directory, each one named in the form of a hash. When it finds a
problem it will produce a stack trace for the offending code, will
output the name of the file which triggered the crash (named
<tt>cases/SOME_HASH</tt>) and may, depending on the nature of the
problem, produce a file named <tt>crash-SOMETHING</tt>.  In theory the
crash file can be fed directly back into the fuzzer to reproduce the
problem:

<pre></code>$ ./fossil-fuzz --fuzztype markdown crash-SOMETHING
</code></pre>

But whether or not it will genuinely crash may depend on static
app-level state which might not trigger the crash when running an
individual test.

For a detailed information about the fuzzer's flags and features, see:

  *  [https://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html]
  *  [https://github.com/google/fuzzing/blob/master/tutorial/libFuzzerTutorial.md]
 
Flags for the fuzzer can be passed directly to fossil,
e.g. <tt>-jobs=4</tt> to start four fuzzer jobs in parallel, but doing
so may cause the fuzzer to <em>strip the --fuzztype flag</em>, leading
to it testing the wrong thing. When passing on fuzzer-specific flags
along with <tt>--fuzztype</tt>, be sure to check your system's process
list to ensure that your <tt>--fuzztype</tt> flag is there.


<a id='wasm'></a>
<h2>8.0 Building WebAssembly Components</h2>

As of version 2.19, fossil uses one component built as
[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/WebAssembly | WebAssembly]
a.k.a. WASM. Because compiling WASM code requires non-trivial
client-side tooling, the repository includes compiled copies of these
pieces. Most Fossil hackers should never need to concern themselves
with the WASM parts, but this section describes how to for those who
want or need to do so.

<strong>The bits described in this section are necessary when updating
<tt>extsrc/pikchr.c</tt></strong> from the upstream source, or the
fossil binary will use a different version of pikchr than
[/pikchrshow] does (as the latter runs the WASM build of pikchr).

These instructions have only ever been tested on Linux systems. They
"should" work on any Unix-like system supported by Emscripten. The
fossil makefiles for Windows builds <em>do not</em> include any of the
WASM-related components (patches to add that would be welcomed, of
course).

The first step is to configure the tree with support for
[https://emscripten.org/|Emscripten]. This requires that the system
has the Emscripten SDK (a.k.a. emsdk) installed, as documented at:

[https://emscripten.org/docs/getting_started/downloads.html]

For instructions on keeping the SDK up to date, see:

[https://emscripten.org/docs/tools_reference/emsdk.html]

    Sidebar: getting Emscripten up and running is trivial and
    painless, at least on Linux systems, but the installer downloads
    many hundreds of megabytes of tools and dependencies, all of which
    will be installed under the single SDK directory (as opposed to
    being installed at the system level). It does, however, require
    that python3 be installed at the system level and it can
    optionally make use of a system-level cmake for certain tasks
    unrelated to how fossil uses the SDK.

After installing the SDK, configure the fossil tree with emsdk
support:

<pre><code>$ ./configure --with-emsdk=/path/to/emsdk ...other options...
</code></pre>

If the <tt>--with-emsdk</tt> flag is not provided, the configure
script will check for the environment variable <tt>EMSDK</tt>, which
is one of the standard variables the SDK environment uses. If that
variable is found, its value will implicitly be used in place of the
missing <tt>--with-emsdk</tt> flag. Thus, if the <tt>emsdk_env.sh</tt>
script is sourced into the shell before running the configure script,
the SDK will be detected even without the config flag.

The configure script installs some makefile variables which tell the
build where to find the SDK and it generates a script named
<tt>tools/emcc.sh</tt> (from the template file
<tt>[/file/tools/emcc.sh.in|/tools/emcc.sh.in]</tt>), which is a
wrapper around the Emscripten C compiler (<tt>emcc</tt>). The wrapper
script uses the configure-time state to attempt to set up the various
environment variables which are required by <tt>emcc</tt> and will
fail if it cannot do so. Once it's set up the environment, it passes
on all of its arguments to <tt>emcc</tt>.

The WASM-related build parts are set up such that none of them should
ever trigger implicity (e.g. via dependencies resolution) in a normal
build cycle. They are instead explicitly built as described below.

From the top of the source tree, all WASM-related components can be
built with:

<pre><code>$ make wasm</code></pre>

As of this writing, those parts include:

   *  <tt>extsrc/pikchr.wasm</tt> is a WASM-compiled form of
      <tt>extsrc/pikchr.c</tt>.
   *  <tt>extsrc/pikchr.js</tt> is JS/WASM glue code generated by Emscripten
      to give JS code access to the API exported by the WASM file.

    Sidebar: The file
    <tt>[/file/extsrc/pikcher-worker.js|extsrc/pikcher-worker.js]</tt>
    is hand-coded and intended to be loaded as a "Worker" in
    JavaScript. That file loads the main module and provides an
    interface via which a main JavaScript thread can communicate with
    pikchr running in a Worker thread. The file
    <tt>[/file/src/fossil.page.pikchrshowasm.js|src/fossil.page.pikchrshowasm.js]</tt>
    implements the [/pikchrshow] app and demonstrates how
    <tt>pikchr-worker.js</tt> is used.

When a new version of <tt>extsrc/pikchr.c</tt> is installed, the
files <tt>pikchr.{js,wasm}</tt> will need to be recompiled to account
for that. Running <tt>make wasm</tt> will, if the build is set up for
the emsdk, recompile those:

<pre><code>$ make wasm
./tools/emcc.sh -o extsrc/pikchr.js ...
$ ls -la extsrc/pikchr.{js,wasm}
-rw-rw-r-- 1 stephan stephan 17263 Jun  8 03:59 extsrc/pikchr.js
-rw-rw-r-- 1 stephan stephan 97578 Jun  8 03:59 extsrc/pikchr.wasm
</code></pre>

<blockquote>Sidebar: if that fails with a message along the lines of:

<pre><code>setting `EXPORTED_RUNTIME_METHODS` expects `<class 'list'>` but got `<class 'str'>`</code></pre>

then the emcc being invoked is too old: emcc changed the format of
list-type arguments at some point. The required minimum version is
unknown, but any SDK version from May 2022 or later "should" (as of
this writing) suffice. Any older version may or may not work.
</blockquote>

After that succeeds, we need to run the normal build so that those
generated files can be compiled in to the fossil binary, accessible
via the [/help?cmd=/builtin|/builtin page]:

<pre><code>$ make</code></pre>

Before checking in those newly-built files, they need to be tested by
running the [/pikchrshow] page. If that page loads, the compilation
process fundamentally worked (a load failure will be made obvious to
the viewer). If it fails to load then the browser's dev tools console
likely provides at least a small hint (and <em>sometimes</em> a useful
hint) about the nature of the problem. Don't check those files in
until [/pikchrshow] runs, though!

Should pikchr's C interface ever change, <tt>pikchr-worker.js</tt>
will need to be updated to accommodate it, but such modification is
typically trivial.

<h3>8.1 Solutions other than Emscripten?</h3>

Emscripten is not the only option for building C as WASM, but it
provides a complete toolchain which eliminates many other steps which
must otherwise be accounted for on a per-project basis.  Despite its
convenience, it behooves us to explore other build options for the
sake of portability and avoiding what amounts to vendor lock-in.

For later refererence, here are articles specifically covering
building WASM projects without using Emscripten:

   *  [https://surma.dev/things/c-to-webassembly/]
   *  [https://schellcode.github.io/webassembly-without-emscripten]
