{-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase #-}

module IsValidUtf8 (testSuite) where

import Data.Bits (shiftR, (.&.), shiftL)
import Data.ByteString (ByteString)
import qualified Data.ByteString.Short as SBS
import qualified Data.ByteString as B
import Data.Char (chr, ord)
import Data.Word (Word8)
import Control.Monad (guard)
import Numeric (showHex)
import GHC.Exts (fromList, fromListN, toList)
import Test.QuickCheck (Property, forAll, (===), forAllShrinkShow)
import Test.QuickCheck.Arbitrary (Arbitrary (arbitrary, shrink))
import Test.QuickCheck.Gen (oneof, Gen, choose, vectorOf, listOf1, sized, resize,
                            elements, choose)
import Test.Tasty (testGroup, adjustOption, TestTree)
import Test.Tasty.QuickCheck (testProperty, QuickCheckTests)

testSuite :: TestTree
testSuite = testGroup "UTF-8 validation" [
  adjustOption (max testCount) . testProperty "Valid UTF-8 ByteString" $ goValidBS,
  adjustOption (max testCount) . testProperty "Invalid UTF-8 ByteString" $ goInvalidBS,
  adjustOption (max testCount) . testProperty "Valid UTF-8 ShortByteString" $ goValidSBS,
  adjustOption (max testCount) . testProperty "Invalid UTF-8 ShortByteString" $ goInvalidSBS,
  testGroup "Regressions" checkRegressions
  ]
  where
    goValidBS :: ValidUtf8 -> Bool
    goValidBS = B.isValidUtf8 . foldMap sequenceToBS . unValidUtf8
    goInvalidBS :: InvalidUtf8 -> Bool
    goInvalidBS = not . B.isValidUtf8 . toByteString
    goValidSBS :: ValidUtf8 -> Bool
    goValidSBS = SBS.isValidUtf8 . SBS.toShort . foldMap sequenceToBS . unValidUtf8
    goInvalidSBS :: InvalidUtf8 -> Bool
    goInvalidSBS = not . SBS.isValidUtf8 . SBS.toShort . toByteString
    testCount :: QuickCheckTests
    testCount = 1000

checkRegressions :: [TestTree]
checkRegressions = [
  testProperty "Too high code point" $
    not $ B.isValidUtf8 tooHigh,
  testProperty "Invalid byte at end of ASCII block" badBlockEnd,
  testProperty "Invalid byte between spaces" $
    not $ B.isValidUtf8 byteBetweenSpaces,
  testProperty "Two invalid bytes between spaces" $
    not $ B.isValidUtf8 twoBytesBetweenSpaces,
  testProperty "Three invalid bytes between spaces" $
    not $ B.isValidUtf8 threeBytesBetweenSpaces,
  testProperty "ASCII stride and invalid multibyte sequence" $
    not $ B.isValidUtf8 asciiAndInvalidMultiByte
  ]
  where
    tooHigh :: ByteString
    tooHigh = fromList $ replicate 56 48 ++ -- 56 ASCII zeroes
                         [244, 176, 181, 139] ++ -- our invalid sequence too high to be valid
                         (take 68 . cycle $ [194, 162]) -- 68 cent symbols

    byteBetweenSpaces :: ByteString
    byteBetweenSpaces = fromList $ replicate 127 32 ++ [216] ++ replicate 128 32

    twoBytesBetweenSpaces :: ByteString
    twoBytesBetweenSpaces = fromList $ replicate 126 32 ++ [235, 167] ++ replicate 128 32

    threeBytesBetweenSpaces :: ByteString
    threeBytesBetweenSpaces = fromList $ replicate 125 32 ++ [242, 134, 159] ++ replicate 128 32

    badBlockEnd :: Property
    badBlockEnd = 
      forAllShrinkShow genBadBlock shrinkBadBlock showBadBlock $ \(BadBlock bs) -> 
        not . B.isValidUtf8 $ bs

    asciiAndInvalidMultiByte :: ByteString
    asciiAndInvalidMultiByte = fromList $ replicate 32 48 ++ [235, 185]

-- Helpers

-- A 128-byte sequence with a single bad byte at the end, with the rest being
-- ASCII
newtype BadBlock = BadBlock ByteString

genBadBlock :: Gen BadBlock
genBadBlock = do
  asciiBytes <- vectorOf 127 $ choose (0, 127)
  pure . BadBlock . fromListN 128 $ asciiBytes  ++ [216]

shrinkBadBlock :: BadBlock -> [BadBlock]
shrinkBadBlock (BadBlock bs) = BadBlock <$> do
  let asList = init . toList $ bs
  init' <- fromList <$> traverse shrink asList
  guard (B.length init' == 127)
  pure . B.append init' . B.singleton $ 216

-- Display as hex instead of ASCII-ish
showBadBlock :: BadBlock -> String
showBadBlock (BadBlock bs) = let asList = toList bs in
  foldr showHex "" asList

data Utf8Sequence = 
  One Word8 |
  Two Word8 Word8 |
  Three Word8 Word8 Word8 |
  Four Word8 Word8 Word8 Word8
  deriving (Eq)

instance Arbitrary Utf8Sequence where
  arbitrary = oneof [
    One <$> elements [0x00 .. 0x7F],
    Two <$> elements [0xC2 .. 0xDF] <*> elements [0x80 .. 0xBF],
    genThree,
    genFour
    ]
    where
      genThree :: Gen Utf8Sequence
      genThree = do
        w1 <- elements [0xE0 .. 0xED]
        w2 <- elements $ case w1 of 
          0xE0 -> [0xA0 .. 0xBF]
          0xED -> [0x80 .. 0x9F]
          _ -> [0x80 .. 0xBF]
        w3 <- elements [0x80 .. 0xBF]
        pure . Three w1 w2 $ w3
      genFour :: Gen Utf8Sequence
      genFour = do
        w1 <- elements [0xF0 .. 0xF4]
        w2 <- elements $ case w1 of 
          0xF0 -> [0x90 .. 0xBF]
          0xF4 -> [0x80 .. 0x8F]
          _ -> [0x80 .. 0xBF]
        w3 <- elements [0x80 .. 0xBF]
        w4 <- elements [0x80 .. 0xBF]
        pure . Four w1 w2 w3 $ w4
  shrink = \case
    One w1 -> One <$> case w1 of 
      0x00 -> []
      _ -> [0x00 .. (w1 - 1)]
    Two w1 w2 -> case (w1, w2) of 
      (0xC2, 0x80) -> allOnes
      _ -> (Two <$> [0xC2 .. (w1 - 1)] <*> [0x80 .. (w2 - 1)]) ++ allOnes
    Three w1 w2 w3 -> case (w1, w2, w3) of 
      (0xE0, 0xA0, 0x80) -> allTwos ++ allOnes
      (0xE0, 0xA0, _) -> (Three 0xE0 0xA0 <$> [0x80 .. (w3 - 1)]) ++ allTwos ++ allOnes
      (0xE0, _, _) -> 
        (Three 0xE0 <$> [0xA0 .. (w2 - 1)] <*> [0x80 .. (w3 - 1)]) ++ allTwos ++ allOnes
      _ -> do
        w1' <- [0xE0 .. (w1 - 1)]
        case w1' of 
          0xE0 -> (Three 0xE0 <$> [0xA0 .. 0xBF] <*> [0x80 .. 0xBF]) ++ 
                  allTwos ++ 
                  allOnes
          _ -> (Three w1' <$> [0x80 .. 0xBF] <*> [0x80 .. 0xBF]) ++ 
               allTwos ++ 
               allOnes
    Four w1 w2 w3 w4 -> case (w1, w2, w3, w4) of 
      (0xF0, 0x90, 0x80, 0x80) -> allThrees ++ allTwos ++ allOnes
      (0xF0, 0x90, 0x80, _) -> 
        (Four 0xF0 0x90 0x80 <$> [0x80 .. (w4 - 1)]) ++ 
        allThrees ++
        allTwos ++
        allOnes
      (0xF0, 0x90, _, _) -> 
        (Four 0xF0 0x90 <$> [0x80 .. (w3 - 1)] <*> [0x80 .. (w4 - 1)]) ++
        allThrees ++
        allTwos ++
        allOnes
      (0xF0, _, _, _) -> 
        (Four 0xF0 <$> [0x90 .. (w2 - 1)] <*> [0x80 .. (w3 - 1)] <*> [0x80 .. (w4 - 1)]) ++
        allThrees ++
        allTwos ++
        allOnes
      _ -> do
        w1' <- [0xF0 .. (w1 - 1)]
        case w1' of 
          0xF0 -> (Four 0xF0 <$> [0x90 .. 0xBF] <*> [0x80 .. 0xBF] <*> [0x80 .. 0xBF]) ++
                  allThrees ++
                  allTwos ++
                  allOnes
          _ -> (Four w1' <$> [0x80 .. 0xBF] <*> [0x80 .. 0xBF] <*> [0x80 .. 0xBF]) ++
               allThrees ++
               allTwos ++
               allOnes

allOnes :: [Utf8Sequence]
allOnes = One <$> [0x00 .. 0x7F]

allTwos :: [Utf8Sequence]
allTwos = Two <$> [0xC2 .. 0xDF] <*> [0x80 .. 0xBF]

allThrees :: [Utf8Sequence]
allThrees = (Three 0xE0 <$> [0xA0 .. 0xBF] <*> [0x80 .. 0xBF]) ++ 
            (Three 0xED <$> [0x80 .. 0x9F] <*> [0x80 .. 0xBF]) ++
            (Three <$> [0xE1 .. 0xEC] <*> [0x80 .. 0xBF] <*> [0x80 .. 0xBF]) ++
            (Three <$> [0xEE .. 0xEF] <*> [0x80 .. 0xBF] <*> [0x80 .. 0xBF])

sequenceToBS :: Utf8Sequence -> ByteString
sequenceToBS = B.pack . \case
  One w1 -> [w1]
  Two w1 w2 -> [w1, w2]
  Three w1 w2 w3 -> [w1, w2, w3]
  Four w1 w2 w3 w4 -> [w1, w2, w3, w4]

newtype ValidUtf8 = ValidUtf8 { unValidUtf8 :: [Utf8Sequence] }
  deriving (Eq)

instance Show ValidUtf8 where
  show (ValidUtf8 ss) = show . foldMap sequenceToBS $ ss

instance Arbitrary ValidUtf8 where
  arbitrary = ValidUtf8 <$> arbitrary
  shrink (ValidUtf8 ss) = ValidUtf8 <$> shrink ss

data InvalidUtf8 = InvalidUtf8 {
  prefix :: ByteString,
  invalid :: ByteString,
  suffix :: ByteString
  }
  deriving (Eq)

instance Show InvalidUtf8 where
  show i = "InvalidUtf8 {prefix = " ++ show (prefix i)
                  ++ ", invalid = " ++ show (invalid i)
                  ++ ", suffix = " ++ show (suffix i)
                  ++ ", asBS = "   ++ show (toByteString i)
                  ++ ", length = " ++ show (B.length . toByteString $ i)
                  ++ "}"

instance Arbitrary InvalidUtf8 where
  arbitrary = oneof
    [ InvalidUtf8 mempty <$> genInvalidUtf8 <*> pure mempty
    , InvalidUtf8 mempty <$> genInvalidUtf8 <*> genValidUtf8
    , InvalidUtf8 <$> genValidUtf8 <*> genInvalidUtf8 <*> pure mempty
    , InvalidUtf8 <$> genValidUtf8 <*> genInvalidUtf8 <*> genValidUtf8
    ]
  shrink (InvalidUtf8 p i s) = 
    (InvalidUtf8 p i <$> shrinkValidBS s) ++
    ((\p' -> InvalidUtf8 p' i s) <$> shrinkValidBS p)

toByteString :: InvalidUtf8 -> ByteString
toByteString (InvalidUtf8 p i s) = p `B.append` i `B.append` s

genInvalidUtf8 :: Gen ByteString
genInvalidUtf8 = B.pack <$> oneof [
    -- invalid leading byte of a 2-byte sequence
    (:) <$> choose (0xC0, 0xC1) <*> upTo 1 contByte
    -- invalid leading byte of a 4-byte sequence
  , (:) <$> choose (0xF5, 0xFF) <*> upTo 3 contByte
    -- 4-byte sequence greater than U+10FFF
  , do k <- choose (0x11, 0x13)
       let w0 = 0xF0 + (k `shiftR` 2)
       let w1 = 0x80 + ((k .&. 3) `shiftL` 4)
       ([w0, w1] ++) <$> vectorOf 2 contByte
    -- continuation bytes without a start byte
  , listOf1 contByte
    -- short 2-byte sequence
  , (:[]) <$> choose (0xC2, 0xDF)
    -- short 3-byte sequence
  , (:) <$> choose (0xE0, 0xEF) <*> upTo 1 contByte
    -- short 4-byte sequence
  , (:) <$> choose (0xF0, 0xF4) <*> upTo 2 contByte
    -- overlong encoding
  , do k <- choose (0, 0xFFFF)
       let c = chr k
       case k of 
        _ | k < 0x80    -> oneof [ let (w, x)       = ord2 c in pure [w, x]
                                 , let (w, x, y)    = ord3 c in pure [w, x, y]
                                 , let (w, x, y, z) = ord4 c in pure [w, x, y, z] ]
          | k < 0x7FF   -> oneof [ let (w, x, y)    = ord3 c in pure [w, x, y]
                                 , let (w, x, y, z) = ord4 c in pure [w, x, y, z] ]
          | otherwise   -> oneof [ let (w, x, y, z) = ord4 c in pure [w, x, y, z] ]
  ]
  where
    contByte :: Gen Word8
    contByte = (0x80 +) <$> choose (0, 0x3F)
    upTo :: Int -> Gen a -> Gen [a]
    upTo n gen = do
      k <- choose (0, n)
      vectorOf k gen

genValidUtf8 :: Gen ByteString
genValidUtf8 = sized $ \size -> 
  if size <= 0
  then pure mempty
  else oneof [
    B.append <$> genAscii <*> resize (size `div` 2) genValidUtf8,
    B.append <$> gen2Byte <*> resize (size `div` 2) genValidUtf8,
    B.append <$> gen3Byte <*> resize (size `div` 2) genValidUtf8,
    B.append <$> gen4Byte <*> resize (size `div` 2) genValidUtf8,
    B.replicate <$> resize (size * 16) arbitrary <*> elements [0x00 .. 0x7F]
    ]
  where
    genAscii :: Gen ByteString
    genAscii = B.pack . (:[]) <$> elements [0x00 .. 0x7F]
    gen2Byte :: Gen ByteString
    gen2Byte = do
      b1 <- elements [0xC2 .. 0xDF]
      b2 <- elements [0x80 .. 0xBF]
      pure . B.pack $ [b1, b2]
    gen3Byte :: Gen ByteString
    gen3Byte = do
      b1 <- elements [0xE0 .. 0xED]
      b2 <- elements $ case b1 of 
        0xE0 -> [0xA0 .. 0xBF]
        0xED -> [0x80 .. 0x9F]
        _ -> [0x80 .. 0xBF]
      b3 <- elements [0x80 .. 0xBF]
      pure . B.pack $ [b1, b2, b3]
    gen4Byte :: Gen ByteString
    gen4Byte = do
      b1 <- elements [0xF0 .. 0xF4]
      b2 <- elements $ case b1 of 
        0xF0 -> [0x90 .. 0xBF]
        0xF4 -> [0x80 .. 0x8F]
        _ -> [0x80 .. 0xBF]
      b3 <- elements [0x80 .. 0xBF]
      b4 <- elements [0x80 .. 0xBF]
      pure . B.pack $ [b1, b2, b3, b4]

shrinkValidBS :: ByteString -> [ByteString]
shrinkValidBS bs = filter B.isValidUtf8 (map B.pack (shrink (B.unpack bs)))

ord2 :: Char -> (Word8, Word8)
ord2 c = (x, y)
  where
    n :: Int
    n = ord c
    x :: Word8
    x = fromIntegral $ (n `shiftR` 6) + 0xC0
    y :: Word8
    y = fromIntegral $ (n .&. 0x3F) + 0x80

ord3 :: Char -> (Word8, Word8, Word8)
ord3 c = (x, y, z)
  where
    n :: Int
    n = ord c
    x :: Word8
    x = fromIntegral $ (n `shiftR` 12) + 0xE0
    y :: Word8
    y = fromIntegral $ ((n `shiftR` 6) .&. 0x3F) + 0x80
    z :: Word8
    z = fromIntegral $ (n .&. 0x3F) + 0x80

ord4 :: Char -> (Word8, Word8, Word8, Word8)
ord4 c = (x, y, z, a)
  where
    n :: Int
    n = ord c
    x :: Word8
    x = fromIntegral $ (n `shiftR` 18) + 0xF0
    y :: Word8
    y = fromIntegral $ ((n `shiftR` 12) .&. 0x3F) + 0x80
    z :: Word8
    z = fromIntegral $ ((n `shiftR` 6) .&. 0x3F) + 0x80
    a :: Word8
    a = fromIntegral $ (n .&. 0x3F) + 0x80
