Description: Hydrogen és un programari sintetitzador que pot ser utilitzat per si sol emulant una caixa de ritmes basada en patrons o mitjançant un teclat MIDI extern o un programa seqüenciador. Hydrogen compila en Linux/x86 i Mac OS X, tot i que l'últim està en fase de proves. Consulta a la llista de correu de l'equip de desenvolupament per més detalls.

# Manual d'Hydrogen

## 2021-03-04

### Piraino, Antonio

### Cominu, Alessandro

### Van Severen, Thijs

### Moors, Sebastian

### Evans, Colin

### Müller, Philipp

Resum

Hydrogen és un programari sintetitzador que pot ser utilitzat per si sol emulant una caixa de ritmes basada en patrons o mitjançant un teclat MIDI extern o un programa seqüenciador. Hydrogen compila en Linux/x86 i Mac OS X, tot i que l'últim està en fase de proves. Consulta a la llista de correu de l'equip de desenvolupament per més detalls.

Llistat de figures

4.1. The Main UI in Single Pane mode
4.2. The Main UI in Tabbed mode
5.1. La Pestanya d'Aparença
5.2. La pestanya del sistema d'àudio
5.3. La pestanya del sistema MIDI
5.4. La pestanya del sistema MIDI
5.5. La Pestanya d'Aparença
5.6. La pestanya del sistema MIDI
5.7. La pestanya del sistema MIDI
6.1. Menú principal
6.2. Import Drumkit
7.1. La Barra d'Èines Principal
8.1. L'Editor de Cançons
8.2. L'Editor de Patrons
8.3. L'Editor de Patrons
8.4. Dialog Window for Adding Tags
8.5. The Automation Path Widget
9.1. L'Editor de Patrons
9.2. L'Editor de Patrons
9.3. L'Editor de Patrons
9.4. L'Editor de Patrons
9.5. The Note Properties Ruler set to Velocity
9.6. The Note Properties Ruler showing the NoteKey Property
9.7. L'Editor de Patrons
10.1. Cançons en la Llibreria de Sò
11.1. Creant Instruments i Capes
11.2. Creant Instruments i Capes
11.3. L'Editor de Patrons
12.1. L'Editor de Cançons
12.2. The Wave Display Section of the Sample Editor
12.3. L'Editor de Patrons
12.4. L'Editor de Patrons
13.1. El Mesclador
13.2. Paràmetres d'Instruments
13.3. Paràmetres d'Instruments
13.4. The FX Rack in the Mixer
13.5. Paràmetres d'Instruments
14.1. El Mesclador
15.1. The Playlist Editor with Demo Songs loaded
16.1. MIDI Actions are set in MIDI System tab of the Preferences Dialog
18.1. L'Editor de Patrons
18.2. Inserting Patterns in the Song Sequence
18.3. El Mesclador
20.1. L'Editor de Patrons
45. Visualization of the Interaction of the Different Pan Parameters

Llistat de taules

4.1. MIDI Mapping
17.1. All OSC Messages
20.1. Common Licenses
22.1. Shortcut Table

# Part I. Introducció

## Capítol 1. Descàrrega

You can download Hydrogen from http://www.hydrogen-music.org. On the Downloads page you can find several binaries (installers) for MacOS and Windows.

Due to the variety of distributions we do not provide packages for Linux. If you do not find Hydrogen in the repository of your distribution, please ask the people behind it to include Hydrogen.

| Avís
From MacOS Big Sur onwards you may require some extra steps to run Hydrogen on you computer. This page of the Hydrogen Wiki will guide you through this process step by step.

## Capítol 2. Munta

| Suggeriment
The instructions provided in this section are for Linux only. If you intend to build Hydrogen on macOS, check out the corresponding wiki page for tips or guides.

If you want to compile Hydrogen yourself, you can download the latest source files directly from our git repository with

    $ git clone git://github.com/hydrogen-music/hydrogen.git

A certain release can be fetched with

    $ git checkout tags/1.0.0

La compilació d'Hydrogen depèn de les següents llibreries:

- CMT disponible a http://www.ladspa.org.

- Libsndfile a http://www.mega-nerd.com/libsndfile/

- ALSA (>= 1.x) a http://www.alsa-project.com (només si vols utilitzar ALSA com a controlador de sò)

- Kit de conexió Jack (>= 0.80) a http://jackaudio.org/ (només si vols utilitzar Jack com a controlador de sò)

- PortAudio a http://www.portaudio.com (només si vols utilitzar PortAudio com a controlador de sò)

- PortAudio a http://www.portaudio.com (només si vols utilitzar PortAudio com a controlador de sò)

- Flac a http://flac.sf.net (només si vols utilitzar patrons flac)

- ladspa a http://ladspa.org (només si vols utilitzar efectes ladspa)

- liblrdf a http://liblrdf.sf.net (només si vols utilitzar lrdf per categoritzar efectes)

- lash a http://lash.nongnu.org (nomes si vols utilitzar lash)

- liblo: at http://liblo.sourceforge.net/ for OSC and NSM support

Si us plau, instala-les amb el gestor de paquets de la teva distribució.Si estàs utilitzant un sistema basat en debian, pots instalar les llibreries amb:

    $ apt-get install qtbase5-dev qtbase5-dev-tools           \
        qttools5-dev qttools5-dev-tools libqt5xmlpatterns5-dev  \
        libarchive-dev libsndfile1-dev libasound2-dev liblo-dev \
        libpulse-dev libcppunit-dev liblrdf-dev                 \
        liblash-compat-dev librubberband-dev libjack-jackd2-dev

Compiling with cmake can be done easily by using the `build.sh` script. Go to the directory where the git repository was cloned and run the `build.sh` script without any arguments to display the help :

    $ ./build.sh

The help is now displayed (and is self-explanatory) :

       r[m]     => all built, temp and cache files
       c[lean]  => remove cache files
       m[ake]   => launch the build process
       mm       => launch the build process using ccache
       mt       => launch the build process with clang tidy checks enabled
       d[oc]    => build html documentation
       g[raph]  => draw a dependencies graph
       h[elp]   => show the build options
       x|exec   => execute hydrogen
       t[ests]  => execute tests
       p[kg]    => build source package
       z        => build using ccache and run from tree

To build Hydrogen and execute the result, run the build script with the `m` option

    $ ./build.sh m x

and to install it permanently on your computer, change into the `build` folder and use the make command.

    $ cd build
    $ sudo make install

| Nota
For further details about the installation process please have a look the `INSTALL.txt` file (located in the top level directory once you downloaded the sources).

## Capítol 3. Keyboard and Mouse

The Hydrogen user interface is designed so that it can be used entirely with the mouse, with the exception of text entry.

Most actions are performed with the left mouse button (or mouse wheel) and implement what should be the most obvious behaviour for any control. The right mouse button may sometimes perform an alternate action or brings up a context menu. Some common controls also have alternate actions accessed by clicking while holding a modifier key:

- Ctrl + left click : restore default value of knob or fader.

- Shift + left click : bind MIDI event to MIDI-learnable widget (see Secció 16.2).

- Shift + mouse wheel|↑|↓ : change values of rotaries and faders at a faster pace.

All rotaries and faders can also be set by using the keyboard. First, you have to click the widget for it to be focussed, indicated by a coloured highlight (orange per default). Now, you can enter numerical input via your keyboard. All numbers and dots are concatenated. If you want to reset your input or start a different one you can either press ESC or wait a couple of seconds.

## 3.1. Keyboard usage in Editors

The keyboard can also be used for navigating and editing in the Pattern and Song Editors, using a combination of

- ↑|↓|←|→ : move the keyboard input cursor's position, or adjust values under the cursor.

- Shift + ↑|↓|←|→ : can be used to make selections of notes or pattern groups as if the mouse had been dragged over them.

- Enter and Return : generally performs the same action as a mouse click, but can also start or end a move (or copy) of items in the same way a mouse drag would.

- Tab and Shift + Tab : move between the Pattern, Song and Note Property Editor.

- Delete : delete notes or patterns.

- Esc : cancels an ongoing selection, move or copy.

| Nota
The keyboard input cursor is hidden from view until one of the above keys is pressed. This keeps the display clear and uncluttered when using the mouse. You can alter this default behavior in the General tab of the Preferences.

Most other keys on the keyboard can be used to play samples and enter notes in the same way a MIDI keyboard can be.

# Part II. Usant Hydrogen

## Capítol 4. Overview

## 4.1. Main User Interface

Figura 4.1. The Main UI in Single Pane mode

The Main UI comes in 2 flavors : the (classic) Single Pane mode (ideal for large- and medium size screens), and the Tabbed mode (optimized for netbook screen sizes).

| Suggeriment
You can switch between these two modes in the Interface tab of the Appearance tab in the Preferences.

Below you can see the main UI split up in 5 parts: the Main Menu, Main Toolbar, Song Editor, Pattern Editor and the Instrument and Sound Library Editor. These sections will be explained in detail further down in this manual.

Figura 4.2. The Main UI in Tabbed mode

## 4.2. Conceptes

Let's start with a little history on the concept of Drumkits within in Hydrogen. It began as a dedicated drum machine but has evolved into a versatile sample-based sound synthesizer/sequencer that is capable of generating and manipulating all sorts of sounds. Hence the original "Drumkit" terminology is slightly misleading. You can load any kind of sound into a "Drumkit" and manipulate that sound just like playing a regular synthesizer. This is also the main reason why the Piano Roll Editor was introduced.

To sum it up, nowadays a Drumkit is a collection of a number of instruments (snare, kick, sampled voice, bass sound ...), using one or more components which each can consist of multiple layered samples.

| Suggeriment
In case you are not familiar with the world of sound synthesis, you can check out the Glossary for a number of useful definitions.

Drumkits can most easily be loaded by right-clicking their name in the Sound Library. Once loaded its name will be displayed in the Pattern Editor. All changes done to the kit, like altering parameters and adding or removing samples or instruments, are stored in the current song. They need to be saved to the drumkit in case you want them to persist and to be applicable to other songs as well. The actions available in the Drumkits section of the main menu do act on the kit associated with the current song. All options available through the Sound Library on the other hand soley apply to the stock kits. So, reloading the current drumkit will overwrite your local changes in the song using the default parameters stored in the kit's `drumkit.xml` file and altering the current kit's properties via the Sound Library does only affect the stock kit and not the one associated with your current song.

## 4.3. MIDI-mapping and Virtual Keyboard

Instead of playing back programmed patterns Hydrogen can also be used synthesize drum sounds for incoming MIDI or keyboard events.

Using the Input mode in the Options tab of the Main Menu you can choose between two different ways to emulate sound. `Drumkit` maps different MIDI notes or virtual keyboard strokes to different instruments of the current drumkit. `Instrument`, on the other hand, maps them to pitch-shifted samples of the instrument currently selected in the Pattern Editor. You can think of these modes as input versions of both Drumkit Editor and Piano Roll Editor.

Which MIDI note maps to which instrument (with Input mode set to Drumkit) is depending on the Note parameter in the Instrument Editor set for in each particular drumkit. An example for the GMRockKit is shown in the table below.

| Nota
In order to process incoming MIDI messages, you have to set up the overall MIDI support in the MIDI system tab of the Preferences dialog first.

Alternatively you can use the Virtual keyboard provided in Hydrogen. In Drumkit mode it maps a number of keys of your computer keyboard to different instruments in the drumkit depending on their position shown in the Pattern Editor. In Instrument mode the corresponding instrument number + 36 is used as note key for the currently selected instrument. The mapping is shown for the GMRockKit in table as well as in general in the figure below.

Taula 4.1. MIDI Mapping

Manual d'Hydrogen | Virtual Key | MIDI Note | GM Standard
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | 35 | Bass Drum 2
Z = Bombo | Z | 36 | Bass Drum 1
S = Baqueta | S | 37 | Side Stick/Rimshot
Snare | X | 38 | Snare Drum 1
D = Picar de mans | D | 39 | D = Picar de mans
Snare Rimshot | C | 40 | Snare Drum 2
Floor Tom | V | 41 | Low Tom 2
G = HH tancat | G | 42 | G = HH tancat
Tom 2 | B | 43 | Low Tom 1
H = HH en Pedal | H | 44 | G = HH tancat
Tom 1 | N | 45 | Mid Tom 2
Hat Open | J | 46 | G = HH tancat
|  | 47 | Mid Tom 1
|  | 48 | High Tom 2
2 = Crash | 2 | 49 | Crash Cymbal 1
|  | 50 | High Tom 1
Ride | Q | 51 | Ride Cymbal 1
Hat Semi-Open | E | 52 | Chinese Cymbal
Bell | R | 53 | Ride Bell
|  | 54 | Tambourine
Splash | 3 | 55 | Splash Cymbal
M = Esquella | M | 56 | M = Esquella
|  | 57 | Crash Cymbal 2
|  | 58 | Vibra Slap
Ride 2 | W | 59 | Ride Cymbal 2
|  | 60 | High Bongo
|  | 61 | Low Bongo
|  | 62 | Mute High Conga
|  | 63 | Open High Conga
|  | 64 | Low Conga
|  | 65 | High Timbale
|  | 66 | Low Timbale
|  | 67 | High Agogô
|  | 68 | Low Agogô
|  | 69 | Cabasa
|  | 70 | Maracas
|  | 71 | Short Whistle
|  | 72 | Editor de Cançons
|  | 73 | Short Güiro
|  | 74 | Long Güiro
|  | 75 | Claves
|  | 76 | High Wood Block
|  | 77 | Low Wood Block
|  | 78 | Mute Cuíca
|  | 79 | Open Cuíca
|  | 80 | Mute Triangle
|  | 81 | Open Triangle
Hat Semi-Open | E | 82 |

| Nota
This table refers to the GMRockKit that is shipped with Hydrogen and loaded by default. For all other drumkits the order of instruments and thus their mapping to virtual keys as well as the assigned MIDI notes might differ.

When adjusting the mapping or creating your own custom drumkit try to follow the General MIDI (GM) standard as accurately as possible. This will ensure that switching between drumkits goes smoothly. You are of course free to place your instruments anywhere in your drumkit, and sometimes it isn't even possible to follow the GM standard, but it makes life a lot easier if you do.

For a better visualization you can also find the mapping of instrument positions (red numbers) to your PC's keyboard keys in the figure below.

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

| Nota
When using German or French keyboard layout/local the overall mapping is still the same.

## 4.4. Usant Hydrogen

In addition to manually program pattern using mouse and keyboard you can also record one or multiple patterns. You can do so using an external MIDI device, like an e-drum, or use the virtual keyboard provided by Hydrogen.

El botó (escoltar noves notes) reprodueix la mostra com s'ha afegit al patró. Finalment pots moure un instument amunt i avall amb els botons . La útil funció «Quantitzar» està disponible activant . D'aquesta manera les polsacions insertada respectaràn automàticament respectant la resolució de la parrilla.

Using the playback mode of the Song Editor you can choose between the following two scenarios. When in Pattern Mode all inserted notes will be added to the pattern currently selected in the Sidebar of the Song Editor. When, on the other hand, in Song Mode the input notes will be added to the active pattern (the one the playhead is located in and is currently used for playback). If several patterns are selected in a single row, the input notes will only be added to the pattern at the bottom.

| Suggeriment
By locking the Pattern Editor in Song Mode Hydrogen will automatically select the pattern recorded notes will be inserted to.

| Nota
The incoming notes will be added in a non-destructive way. This means when attempting to add a notes at a position already containing one of equal pitch, the new note will be discarded and the old one kept.

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

You can also limit patterns new notes will be recorded to by defining a continuous punch in area via right click and dragging the cursor to the right in the ruler of the Song Editor.

## 4.5. Session Management

With Session Management you can easily restore complex sessions involving numerous applications including their particular state. Hydrogen does support some Session Management systems too.

| Avís
All the supported Session Management protocols are Linux only. There is no (tested) support for MacOS and Windows yet.

- NSM: Non Session Manager (NSM) is of 2021 the de facto standard in Session Management tools within the Linux audio community and Hydrogen does over full support and compliance to its API.

  | Suggeriment
  We highly recommend using this protocol for Session Management.

- LASH: Hydrogen provides a basic support for LASH Audio Session Handler (LASH). This covers recalling the song used within the session but, unlike the NSM support, no recalling of the JACK connections and no per-session preferences.

  | Nota
  You have to activate LASH support in the General tab of the Preference dialog in order to use it.

### 4.5.1. NSM

Hydrogen will be under session management if you start it via a NSM server application, like RaySession. You can easily check whether Hydrogen is aware of the session by checking out the `Project` option of the Main Menu as some action will have changed in order to comply to the NSM API.

- Afegir instrument - Afegeix un nou instrument al kit de bateria actualment actiu

- Import Into Session instead of Open. Replaces the song associated with the session by a song of your choice.

- Afegir instrument - Afegeix un nou instrument al kit de bateria actualment actiu

- Export From Session As instead of Save As. Stores the song associated with the session at a location of your choice as .h2song file.

  | Nota
  In contrast to the Save As command the underlying path of the current song will not be changed. All subsequent Save actions will store the current state of the song to the file in the session folder and not to the path of the exported file.

Both the song and the preferences associated with the session will be stored in a session folder called `Hydrogen.*`. In addition, the drumkit (and its samples) used with the song will linked into the session folder as well. If the link is replaced by a folder containing a valid drumkit, this one will be used over the system and user drumkits.

| Suggeriment
This allows you to create fully self sufficient backups of your Hydrogen session using tar -chf. These can even be ported and used on systems which do not have the required drumkits installed.

| Avís
Note that only the stock drumkit loaded last will be linked in the session folder. In case you only alter instrument parameters or delete instruments or samples this will work perfectly fine. But as soon as you add instruments from other drumkits or external samples, the linked drumkit folder won't contain all samples required by your current song anymore. You need to saved the kit (or create a new one) in order to ensure consistency.

## 4.6. Command-line Options

After installing Hydrogen on your system you can invoke it from the command-line with a number of different options.

    -h, --help                  Displays this help.
    -v, --version               Displays version information.
    -d, --driver <Audiodriver>  Use the selected audio driver (jack, alsa, pulseaudio, auto)
    -i, --install <File>        Install a drumkit (*.h2drumkit)
    -n, --nosplash              Hide splash screen
    -p, --playlist <File>       Load a playlist (*.h2playlist) at startup
    -P, --data <Path>           Use an alternate system data path
    -s, --song <File>           Load a song (*.h2song) at startup
    -k, --kit <DrumkitName>     Load a drumkit at startup
    -V, --verbose <Level>       Level, if present, may be None, Error, Warning, Info, Debug or 0xHHHH

| Nota
Which audio drivers are supported depends on both your platform and its installed packages. Your local help message will display all available options.

## Capítol 5. Preferències d'àudio

Using this window most of the configuration options and customization can be altered. The Preferences Dialog can be accessed via the `Options` element in the Main Menu.

## 5.1. La Pestanya d'Aparença

Figura 5.1. La Pestanya d'Aparença

- Depurar: eines principalment per depurar i monitoritzar Hydrogen (només disponibles quan s'ha compilat l'aplicació amb suport a depuració).

- Obre Recent - Obre un menú que mostra les cançons utilizades recentment

- Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

- Els Kits de Bateria es guarden automàticament al directodi de `dades` (p.e. `$HOME/data/drumkits`).

- Hide keyboard input cursor: hides the keyboard cursor until you press a key on you keyboard (see Capítol 3). By enabling this feature you can switch to the look and feel of the interaction with the Pattern Editor and Song Editor prior to Hydrogen v1.1.

- Use LASH: enables LASH (LASH Audio Session Handler) support within Hydrogen. This allows you to recover a particular song associated with a session.

  | Suggeriment
  You may consider using the more advanced NSM support of Hydrogen which gives you many additional features, like restoring all JACK connections or creating a per-session configuration.

- Comença la compensació del comptador de polsacions en ms - ajustar el temps entre l'última entrada ComptadorDePolsacions i quan comença la reproducció de la cançó (si la funció d'auto inici està desactivada).

- Comença la compensació del comptador de polsacions en ms - ajustar el temps entre l'última entrada ComptadorDePolsacions i quan comença la reproducció de la cançó (si la funció d'auto inici està desactivada).

- Comença la compensació del comptador de polsacions en ms - ajustar el temps entre l'última entrada ComptadorDePolsacions i quan comença la reproducció de la cançó (si la funció d'auto inici està desactivada).

- Comença la compensació del comptador de polsacions en ms - ajustar el temps entre l'última entrada ComptadorDePolsacions i quan comença la reproducció de la cançó (si la funció d'auto inici està desactivada).

- Numbers of autosaves per hour: sets how often Hydrogen will generate a backup of your current song in case it contains any unsaved modifications. In case there is an autosave file with a more recent timestamp next to a song, Hydrogen will ask you upon opening whether to restore the unsaved changes or to load the raw song.

  | Nota
  These autosave files will be hidden and contain an additional suffix "autosave". E.g. if your current song is called `example.h2song` the backup will be stored in `.example.autosave.h2song` within the same directory. But you do not need to be careful when chosing a song name. Hydrogen will take care of finding a filename for the backup not existing yet.

- Path to the Rubberband command-line utility: sets the absolute path to the rubberband command line interface (CLI) Hydrogen will use for stretching samples in the Sample Editor.

  | Nota
  This option is only available if your version of Hydrogen does not already has Rubber Band support compiled into it. If it does and the option is hot shown, everything is already configured and you don't have to worry about Rubber Band at all.

  | Suggeriment
  If you are using Ubuntu, you can install Rubber Band from the Software Center via the package `rubberband-cli`. For other Linux distros please check your package manager and for other platforms please check the Rubber Band site .

  | Suggeriment
  If Rubber Band is installed and configured correctly, you will see an extra button button in the Main Toolbar. You can use this behavior to verify your configuration.

## 5.2. La pestanya del Sistema d'Àudio

Figura 5.2. La pestanya del sistema d'àudio

- Projectes: aquest menú ofereix funcions relacionades amb els fitxers.

  Available options:

  - `Auto`: Hydrogen will try a number of different drivers in a predetermined, OS-dependent order, choose the first working one, and display the result.

    | Suggeriment
    This option is recommended for beginners.

  - jackd: El controlador Jack és un servidor d'àudio professional que permet molt baixa latència i es comunica amb altres programes d'àudio. Recomanem ferventment usar aquest controlador per treure-li tot el suc a Hydrogen. El servidor JACK s'iniciarà automàticament si no està ja en ús.

    | Suggeriment
    We strongly recommend using this driver to have the best out of Hydrogen.

  - ALSA: El controlador d'àudio més extès en Linux

  - OSS: El controlador Oss utilitza el dispositiu /dev/dsp i està basat en la interfície OSS, suportada per la majoria de tarjes de sò disponibles en linux; dit això, utilitzar aquest controlador bloqueja el dispositiu /dev/dsp fins que hydrogen es tanca fent-lo inutilitzable per a tots els altres programes. Utilitza-ho només com a últim recurs.

  - PortAudio: un controlador d'àudo multiplataforma de codi font obert

  - PortAudio: un controlador d'àudo multiplataforma de codi font obert

  - PortAudio: un controlador d'àudo multiplataforma de codi font obert

- Host API (PortAudio only): some systems (notably Windows) have more than one native way for applications to interact with audio hardware (APIs), and not all audio devices are supported by all APIs. If you don't find your sound device in the device list, try changing the Host API setting.

- ALSA: El controlador d'àudio més extès en Linux

- Comença la compensació del comptador de polsacions en ms - ajustar el temps entre l'última entrada ComptadorDePolsacions i quan comença la reproducció de la cançó (si la funció d'auto inici està desactivada).

  In general, selecting a smaller buffer size will allow the audio system to reduce latency (the lag between hitting a key and the sound being played), but can lead to increased likelihood of audio glitches.

- ALSA: El controlador d'àudio més extès en Linux

- Track output: determines which audio settings will be applied to the outgoing audio of the per-instrument JACK output ports.

  `Post-Fader`:

  - note velocity and pan

  - layer gain

  - component gain and volume

  - instrument gain, sustain, pan, and volume

  - automation path and velocity humanization

  `Pre-Fader`:

  - note velocity and pan

  - layer gain

  - Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

  - automation path and velocity humanization

  | Nota
  This option is only available if the JACK audio driver was selected and it will only take effect if the Connect to default JACK output ports option is checked.

- BBT sync method: if Hydrogen uses JACK transport in the presence of an external JACK Timebase master (TBM), it will use the provided measure and tempo information instead of the local one of either the song's tempo or the Tempo Markers added to the Timeline. But due to fundamental design choices within Hydrogen, it can not set both measure and speed provided by JACK for arbitrary pattern combinations. You have two options here. Either drop all measure changes in the TBM and work with tempo changes only to support arbitrary patterns (using option `constant measure`) or to keep the length of each pattern consistent with the corresponding measure in the TBM and to use both tempo and measure provided by JACK (option `matching bars`).

  | Nota
  This option is only available if the JACK audio driver was selected. El botó (escoltar noves notes) reprodueix la mostra com s'ha afegit al patró. Finalment pots moure un instument amunt i avall amb els botons . La útil funció «Quantitzar» està disponible activant . D'aquesta manera les polsacions insertada respectaràn automàticament respectant la resolució de la parrilla.

  | Suggeriment
  Hydrogen can be registered as JACK Timebase Master via the Main Toolbar.

- Connect to default JACK output ports: connects the main stereo JACK output ports of the Master Fader Strip to the default JACK input ports of your system (system:playback_1 and system:playback_2). This will be done every time Hydrogen starts up or the JACK audio driver is restarted.

  | Nota
  This option is only available if the JACK audio driver was selected.

- Create per-instrument JACK output ports: in addition to the main stereo output Hydrogen will register JACK output ports for every single instrument.

  | Suggeriment
  This can be useful if you want to add effects to a single instrument with jack-rack for example.

  | Nota
  This option is only available if the JACK audio driver was selected.

  | Avís
  There are no JACK output ports for the Metronome and the Playback Track. Their audio is only available via the main stereo output ports of Hydrogen.

- Enable JACK timebase master support: whether Hydrogen will respond to or ignore the incoming BBT (tempo and measure) information sent by the JACK server.

  | Suggeriment
  Some JACK clients are not well written or have fallen into despair. As a result Hydrogen could receive nuisance signals messing up its playback. If you encounter weird jumps in the transport position and/or Hydrogen is out of sync after relocating the transport position, you might try to uncheck this option.

  | Nota
  This option is only available if the JACK audio driver was selected.

- Apply and restart output: restarts the audio driver and makes all settings specified above take effect without closing and reopening the entire Preferences dialog.

- Comença la compensació del comptador de polsacions en ms - ajustar el temps entre l'última entrada ComptadorDePolsacions i quan comença la reproducció de la cançó (si la funció d'auto inici està desactivada).

- Comença la compensació del comptador de polsacions en ms - ajustar el temps entre l'última entrada ComptadorDePolsacions i quan comença la reproducció de la cançó (si la funció d'auto inici està desactivada).

- Interpolate resampling: specifies the type of resampling applied if a sample does not use the same Sample Rate as Hydrogen.

## 5.3. La pestanya del sistema MIDI

Figura 5.3. La pestanya del sistema MIDI

- Exportar fitxer MIDI - Exporta la cançó actual en format MIDI

- Exportar fitxer MIDI - Exporta la cançó actual en format MIDI

- Exportar fitxer MIDI - Exporta la cançó actual en format MIDI

- Channel: specifies whether Hydrogen should listen to MIDI messages on one particular of the 16 available channels or on all of them.

- Ignore note-off: specifies whether Hydrogen will respond to the note-off MIDI message.

  | Nota
  This makes better use of the drumkit samples used in Hydrogen when working with certain external MIDI devices. But it may also discard Cymbal choke messages in some e-drums.

- Enable MIDI feedback: specifies whether Hydrogen will send a message about updated values every time a certain parameter is changed. These parameters are

  - the Master Fader Strip volume and mute state

  - an Instrument Strip pan, volume, mute and solo state

  - whether the Metronome is activated

- Discard MIDI messages after action has been triggered: specifies whether a MIDI note - after performing the MIDI action associated with it - should be played back or be discard.

- Use output note as input note: if checked the instrument mapped to an incoming MIDI note is determined by its MIDI Out Settings in the Instrument Editor. Otherwise, the default MIDI mapping (based on the instrument order in the Pattern Editor) will be used.

  | Nota
  This option only takes effect if Input mode in the Options tab of the Main Menu is set to `Drumkit`.

Using the table in the lower part of the tab you can associate MIDI actions provided by Hydrogen with incoming MIDI messages. How this is done will be explained in the Secció 16.1.

## 5.4. OSC

Figura 5.4. La pestanya del sistema MIDI

The OSC tab (Figura 5.4) let's you modify all options associated with OSC (Open Sound Control) (see chapter OSC API for details).

| Nota
In order to see and access the Enable OSC feedback and Import port option, Enable OSC support has to be checked first.

- Enable OSC support: Allows Hydrogen to receive OSC commands send by external programs.

- Enable OSC feedback: Hydrogen will broadcast OSC messages to all registered clients each time does change. A client can register to receive OSC messages by sending a message to Hydrogen previously. The state broadcast as feedback is composed of the following OSC paths:

  - /Hydrogen/MASTER_VOLUME_ABSOLUTE

  - /Hydrogen/TOGGLE_METRONOME

  - /Hydrogen/MUTE_TOGGLE

  - /Hydrogen/STRIP_VOLUME_ABSOLUTE/X

  - /Hydrogen/STRIP_VOLUME_RELATIVE/X

  - /Hydrogen/PAN_ABSOLUTE/X

  - /Hydrogen/STRIP_MUTE_TOGGLE/X

  - /Hydrogen/STRIP_SOLO_TOGGLE/X

- Incoming port: Specifies the OSC port Hydrogen will be register to. Values up to `20000` are supported.

| Nota
If the chosen OSC port is already occupied, Hydrogen will pick an alternative one on startup and displays it via a popup as well as in the OSC tab of the Preferences Dialog.

## 5.5. La pestanya d'aparènça

The settings available in the Appearance tab let you modify the look of Hydrogen and are treated differently than the ones found in other tabs. While the latter are stored in the `hydrogen.conf` file in Hydrogen's data folder, the appearance is stored in .h2theme files in the dedicated `theme` subfolder. The idea is that while the remaining settings are tailored to your local setup, a theme is something that is easily portable. E.g. you can create a custom dark theme and share it with the Hydrogen community without them having to adopt it to their local setup.

El botó del fons a ma dreta controla la funcionalitat començar-automàticament, i s'activa entre S i P. P significa (Reproduïr), en aquest estat la cançó assignarà el tempo automàticament i es començarà a reproduïr quan hagis entrat la quantitat correcta de polsacions (si no s'està ja reproduïnt, clar). D'aquesta manera, si tens el ComptadorDePatrons configurat a 4/4, pots polsar 1-2-3-4, i començar en la pròxima polsació. Quan es mostra S (per Configura PPM), l'auto inici està deshabilitat.

### 5.5.1. Interface

Figura 5.5. La Pestanya d'Aparença

The Interface tab covers the overall appearance of Hydrogen.

- ALSA: El controlador d'àudio més extès en Linux

- Meters falloff speed: specifies how fast the visual update of the peak values shown in the Instrument Channel Strips, Component Channel Strips, and Master Fader Strip will be done.

- Default interface layout: specifies whether the GUI of Hydrogen will be arranged in Single Pane mode or Tabbed mode (see Main User Interface for details).

  | Nota
  In order for this setting to take effect, Hydrogen has to be restarted.

- High-resolution display scaling: specifies whether the underlying bitmap graphics of the GUI should be scaled to larger sizes by Qt in order for Hydrogen to look nice with your system's resolution settings.

- Icon color: while the color of all button labels can be set in the Colors tab, the icons hold the color used in the corresponding SVG file and can not be altered freely. To still allow you to change the overall colors conveniently, Hydrogen is shipped with all icons available in either `Black` and `White` color.

- Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

  - `Automatic`: uses as many colors as there are patterns in the song.

  - `Custom`: uses a certain number of colors in a repeated way.

  By chosing `Custom` two more settings will become available:

  - [CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer

  - Selected colors: a list of color buttons. Clicking one will open a dialog allowing you to change its color.

### 5.5.2. Colors

Figura 5.6. La pestanya del sistema MIDI

Instruments: aquest menú conté funcions d'instruments i kit de bateria (llibreries de sò).

You can select a color by clicking its name in the tree you find on the left side. It is grouping the individual colors into

- General: basic Qt colors. Most of them are used in many parts of the GUI. But some of them might be not used at all. So, don't worry in case altering one of these does not result in visual changes.

- Widgets: colors in small and interactive elements of the GUI, like buttons or combo boxes.

- Song Editor: colors specific to the Song Editor.

- Pattern Editor: colors specific to the Pattern Editor.

Once selected you can change a color by either clicking the large colored rectangle in the upper right part of the tab (which opens a color dialog) or by using the spinboxes and sliders in the lower right part. The latter represent the colors components according to the RGB as well as the HSV color model.

### 5.5.3. Font

Figura 5.7. La pestanya del sistema MIDI

The Font tab contains all options affecting strings, characters, and numbers displayed in the GUI.

- ALSA: El controlador d'àudio més extès en Linux

- Item font: specifies the font family used for smaller elements, like the name of patterns in the Sidebar of the Song Editor or the name of the samples in the Layers view of the Instrument Editor.

- ALSA: El controlador d'àudio més extès en Linux

- Instruments: aquest menú conté funcions d'instruments i kit de bateria (llibreries de sò).

## Capítol 6. Menú principal

Figura 6.1. Menú principal

## 6.1. Project

Projectes: aquest menú ofereix funcions relacionades amb els fitxers.

| Nota
If you are using Hydrogen within a NSM session, some of the options below will be called and behave differently (see Secció 4.5.1 for details).

- Nou - Crear una nova cançó

  | Nota
  Prior to version 1.2 of Hydrogen new songs were based on `DefaultSong.h2song` in Hydrogen's data folder and all backups of unsaved changes were associated with it. This had the unfortunate downside that it was quite easy to lose all changes made in a new song in case you forget to change it. Since 1.2 new songs are not associated with any file anymore and Hydrogen makes sure the backup file generated does not exist yet and no data gets overwritten. In addition, when working on a newly created song and closing the application without saving the changes, e.g. due to a power outage, Hydrogen is now capable of restoring these changes from the backup file and prompts you at the beginning of the next session whether it should do so. If you are used to altering the `DefaultSong.h2song` and use it as a template, you can still do the same by opening and saving it using a different name.

- Mostrar informació - Configurar les propietats generals de la cançó com ara nom, autor, llicència i altres notes

- Obrir patró - Obre un patró desat que pertany al kit de bateria actual

- Instruments: aquest menú conté funcions d'instruments i kit de bateria (llibreries de sò).

- Obre Recent - Obre un menú que mostra les cançons utilizades recentment

- Desa - Desa les modificacions fetes a la cançó actual

- Obrir patró - Obre un patró desat que pertany al kit de bateria actual

- Obrir patró - Obre un patró desat que pertany al kit de bateria actual

- Obrir patró - Obre un patró desat que pertany al kit de bateria actual

- Exportar fitxer MIDI - Exporta la cançó actual en format MIDI

- Exportar cançó - Exporta la cançó actual en format WAV

  The Export mode option `Export to a single track` will export one stereo downmix of your song - the master output. `Export to separate tracks` will create files for each instrument/track. `Both` will create a stereo downmix as well as audio files for all individual instruments.

- Exportar fitxer MIDI - Exporta la cançó actual en format MIDI

  | Avís
  It has the following limitations: Only the GMRockKit and no triplets are supported.

- Sortir - Sortir d'Hydrogen

## 6.2. Undo

- Projectes: aquest menú ofereix funcions relacionades amb els fitxers.

- Projectes: aquest menú ofereix funcions relacionades amb els fitxers.

- Projectes: aquest menú ofereix funcions relacionades amb els fitxers.

## 6.3. Kits de Bateria d'Usuari

- Obrir patró - Obre un patró desat que pertany al kit de bateria actual

- Instruments: aquest menú conté funcions d'instruments i kit de bateria (llibreries de sò).

- Mostrar informació - Configurar les propietats generals de la cançó com ara nom, autor, llicència i altres notes

- Instruments: aquest menú conté funcions d'instruments i kit de bateria (llibreries de sò).

- Instruments: aquest menú conté funcions d'instruments i kit de bateria (llibreries de sò).

- Obrir patró - Obre un patró desat que pertany al kit de bateria actual

- Obrir patró - Obre un patró desat que pertany al kit de bateria actual

- Importar llibreria - Importa un kit de bateria del sistema d'arxius local o el descarrega d'un lloc remot mitjançant alimentació XML (XML feed). El fitxer XML proveït NO compleix els stàndards RSS (veure la pàgina web d'Hydrogen per a un exemple). Per a carregar un kit de bateria en la sessió de treball actual d'Hydrogen, llegeix Instrument rack.

  Figura 6.2. Import Drumkit

  The Import window will pop up with the Internet tab selected. By default the link to the drumkit list (on http://hydrogen-music.org) will be filled in, and after pressing the Update list button you will get a complete list of all drumkits that are available for download. In the Status column on the you can see if a kit is installed or not.

  If you select one of the drumkits you will see info about this kit in the right pane of the Import window: name, description, author and also the license.

  You can install a drumkit by selecting it and clicking Download and Install.

  Once the kit has been downloaded it will be available in the Sound Library under User drumkits.

## 6.4. Instrument

Projectes: aquest menú ofereix funcions relacionades amb els fitxers.

- Afegir instrument - Afegeix un nou instrument al kit de bateria actualment actiu

- Neteja-ho tot - Elimina tots els instruments del kit de bateria actual

- Afegir instrument - Afegeix un nou instrument al kit de bateria actualment actiu

## 6.5. View

- Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

- Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

- Mesclador - Obre la finestra del mesclador.

- Instrument Rack: shows or hides the widget of the main window containing both the Instrument Editor and the Sound Library.

- Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

- Mesclador - Obre la finestra del mesclador.

- Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

- ALSA: El controlador d'àudio més extès en Linux

## 6.6. Options

- Input mode: when set to `Drumkit` the keys on your MIDI keyboard will map to the instruments in your drumkit. If you set it to `Instrument` the keys of your MIDI keyboard will trigger the instrument that is currently selected. The pitch of the instrument will follow the key you press on your keyboard. This feature is mainly used for non-drum instruments (see Secció 4.3 for details). An example: if you use a sample of a piano for one of your instruments, you will be able to 'play' that piano instrument using your keyboard just like you are playing a piano synth.

- Preferències Obre la finestra principal de preferències. Llegeix Preferences per més informació sobre la configuració d'Hydrogen.

## 6.7. Debug

Tools mainly for debugging and monitoring Hydrogen.

| Nota
The Debug option is only available if Hydrogen was compiled with debug support.

- Depurar: eines principalment per depurar i monitoritzar Hydrogen (només disponibles quan s'ha compilat l'aplicació amb suport a depuració).

- Show Filesystem Info: opens a window that shows you the paths to the user and system data directory as well as to the folder used to create temporary files.

- ALSA: El controlador d'àudio més extès en Linux

- *.h2pattern: Fitxer XML que descriu un patró. Els patrons són un grup de polsacions gestionats per l'etidor de patrons.

## 6.8. Informació

- Manual d'usuari- Obre una finestra amb aquest manual

- Sobre - La típica finestra amb informació sobre la llicència, autors, etc.

- Report Bug: opens the Hydrogen issue page at github.com in your default Internet browser. You can open a new issue to communicate a bug here (first search if there exists already an issue about it).

- Projectes: aquest menú ofereix funcions relacionades amb els fitxers.

## Capítol 7. La Barra d'Èines Principal

Figura 7.1. La Barra d'Èines Principal

Abans d'analitzar les dues àrees principals d'Hydrogen, fem primer una ullada ràpida a la barra d'eines principal i als seus components:

## 7.1. L'Editor de Patrons

Using these buttons you can start (also bound to Space, see Capítol 22 for further related shortcuts) and stop playback, record new patterns (see Secció 4.4 for details), fast forward and rewind transport position, and loop playback.

El botó (escoltar noves notes) reprodueix la mostra com s'ha afegit al patró. Finalment pots moure un instument amunt i avall amb els botons . La útil funció «Quantitzar» està disponible activant . D'aquesta manera les polsacions insertada respectaràn automàticament respectant la resolució de la parrilla.

| Suggeriment
When using the Keyboard to navigate in the Song Editor and Pattern Editor the shortcut Ctrl + Space (or Alt + Space on MacOS) will change the mode to the one corresponding to the editor. In addition, it will move the current transport position to either the note (Pattern Editor) or the pattern (Song Editor) focused by the cursor and starts the playback.

## 7.2. Polsar Tempo i ComptadorDePolsacions

This section covers how to interactively change tempo using the Beat Counter. Due to conceptional similarities the Tap Tempo will be covered as well which itself is not related to the widget displayed above.

### 7.2.1. Tap Tempo

The Tap Tempo allows you to change the tempo at any time - with transport rolling or stopped - within Hydrogen. To change the tempo, hit the \ key in the tempo you want.

After two keystrokes the tempo will be first changed according to the time difference between the two taps. With each addition keystroke the tempo will be changed again to the rolling average of the last up to eight hits of the \ button. If you tap accidentally, or if you wait too long between taps, the Tap Tempo counter will start over.

| Nota
The widget shown above is the one of the Beat Counter. The Tap Tempo itself does neither have a dedicated widget nor any option to be set by the user.

### 7.2.2. Polsar Tempo i ComptadorDePolsacions

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

El tempo que pressionis serà considerat polsacions parelles del tipus de polsació. El tipus de polsació pot ser configurat a 1/8 (per ritmes d'un vuitè de nota), 1/4 (per ritmes d'un quart de nota), 1/2 (per ritmes de mitja nota) i 1/1 (per ritmes d'una nota sencera). Per cambiar el tipus de ritme utilitza la tecla fletxa esquerra. Per cambiar el nombre de polsacions comptades, utilitza la tecla fletxa dreta. Pots configurar de 2 a 16 polsacions (P.e., si configures les polsacions a 6, hauràs de polsar 6 vegades abans que el nou tempo estigui computat i s'assigni.) Mentre es mostri una R per pantalla el ComptadorDePatrons està apunt per començar de 0. Cada vegada que pressiones amb la tecla coma, mostrarà el nombre de polsacions que has entrat (1, 2, 3...).

El botó del fons a ma dreta controla la funcionalitat començar-automàticament, i s'activa entre S i P. P significa (Reproduïr), en aquest estat la cançó assignarà el tempo automàticament i es començarà a reproduïr quan hagis entrat la quantitat correcta de polsacions (si no s'està ja reproduïnt, clar). D'aquesta manera, si tens el ComptadorDePatrons configurat a 4/4, pots polsar 1-2-3-4, i començar en la pròxima polsació. Quan es mostra S (per Configura PPM), l'auto inici està deshabilitat.

Per exemple: suposem que estàs en un grup, Hydrogen, i tens un sintetitzador software controlat per Seq24)... i vols que tot comenci alhora. Configura el tipus de ritme a 1/4 i el nombre de polsacions a 4. Habilita l'auto-inici (mostrant P). Compta al grup 1-2-3-4 (mentre li vas donant a la coma) - i tothom comença a l'1.

Un altre exemple: En la mateixa situació, però la cançó no requereix d'Hydrogen o sintetitzadors fins a una estona després. Mentrestant, un humà (p.e. el guitarrista) anirà configurant el tempo. En la mesura anterior en la que hydrogen se suposa que ha de començar, polsa la coma 1-2-3-4 amb el ritme... i ja ho tens a la pròxima polsació (amb el tempo correcte).

| Suggeriment
An temporal offset when starting the playback after setting the tempo and a latency compensation for the Beat Counter can be configured in the General tab of the Preferences Dialog.

| Nota
If you are using JACK transport in the presence of an external JACK Timebase Master, Hydrogen is supposed to be a slave and both Tap Tempo and Beat Counter will be disabled. If Hydrogen itself is the JACK Transport Master, tempo changes from Hydrogen will be broadcasted to other JACK clients.

## 7.3. BPM Control and Metronome

Set the speed of the song in the range from `10` to `400` bpm (beats per minute).

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

| Suggeriment
The volume of the metronome can be adjusted in the Audio tab of the Preferences.

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

## 7.4. CPU Usage and MIDI in

The CPU bargraph gives you an indication of the CPU load. The MIDI led lights up every time Hydrogen receives a MIDI message.

| Suggeriment
The MIDI settings can be adjusted in the MIDI tab of the Preferences.

In case a XRUN event occurs (CPU load is so large that audio processing could not be finished in time) the outlines of the CPU bargraph will be colored red for a couple of seconds.

## 7.5. JACK Control

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

| Nota
The support of JACK Timebase can disabled in the Audio tab of the Preferences. This can be useful in the presence of a fault Master broadcasting nuisance information.

## 7.6. GUI State

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

Toggles the Mixer window and the Instrument Rack (containing both the Instrument Editor and the Sound Library).

The line below displays status messages telling what Hydrogen is up to. Clicking it will open a popup menu showing the last 100 messages.

## Capítol 8. Editor de Cançons

Figura 8.1. L'Editor de Cançons

L' "Editor de Cancons" (Figura 8.1) permet una vista general de tota la cançó. (p.e. introducció, vers, pont, estribillo i anar fent); cada requadre marcat en blau en aquest panell és una barra completa mostrat en l'"Editor de Patrons". Aquí tenim completa llibertat per afegir, borrar o moure patrons en l'ordre que preferim. També podem copiar i enganxar aquests patrons: utilitza el botó esquerre del ratolí per seleccionar-ho. Arrossegar amb la tecla CTRL premuda copia aquests patrons.

Columns represent time periods within the song. While they're shown as the same width in the Song Editor, the length of time taken to play through a column is set by the length of the pattern or patterns which are active and playing during that time slot.

Multiple patterns can be active at the same time in a column, and they will play simultaneously. This allows instrument parts to be separated out into different patterns, or to add ornamentation or fills on top of basic patterns without duplicating the basics into both patterns.

In the case of multiple patterns of different lengths in one column only the largest one(s) will be represented by a square. The shorter patterns are indicated by rectangles whose width indicate their length relative to the longest one.

| Suggeriment
You can alter the colors of the squares using the Interface tab in the Appearance tab of the Preferences.

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

In addition to the transport control provided in the Main Toolbar you can use the Song Ruler to navigatw. This is the area above the grid and right of the Main Controls. The position clicked will be rounded to the nearest pattern beginning (indicated by the faint playhead shown upon hovering) and transport will be relocated there.

| Nota
Navigation in Hydrogen is always quantized. It is only possible to move forward / backwards or locate to whole patterns.

| Suggeriment
You can also locate the keyboard cursor (see Capítol 3) to a desired pattern and press Ctrl + Space to relocate to this position.

## 8.1. La Barra d'Èines Principal

- Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

- Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

- Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

  | Suggeriment
  You can also drag-and-drop a pattern up/down in the pattern list.

- El botó (escoltar noves notes) reprodueix la mostra com s'ha afegit al patró. Finalment pots moure un instument amunt i avall amb els botons . La útil funció «Quantitzar» està disponible activant . D'aquesta manera les polsacions insertada respectaràn automàticament respectant la resolució de la parrilla.

- Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

  If the Pattern Editor is locked, the user won't be able to select a pattern using the Sidebar of the Song Editor. Instead, Hydrogen will automatically select the currently playing pattern. In case there is more than one pattern present in the current row, the bottom-most one will be chosen.

  | Suggeriment
  This becomes quite handy when recording notes in Song Mode. Hydrogen will always select the pattern recorded notes will be inserted to.

  | Nota
  This button is only enabled in Song Mode. In Pattern Mode recorded notes are always added to the currently selected pattern.

- El botó (escoltar noves notes) reprodueix la mostra com s'ha afegit al patró. Finalment pots moure un instument amunt i avall amb els botons . La útil funció «Quantitzar» està disponible activant . D'aquesta manera les polsacions insertada respectaràn automàticament respectant la resolució de la parrilla.

  | Nota
  These two buttons will only be enabled in Pattern Mode. In Song Mode playing patterns are solely determined by the grid in the Song Editor.

## 8.2. Editor de Cançons

The Song Editor has two different interaction modes. The default Select Mode allows pattern blocks to be set, cleared, selected, moved and copied. The Draw Mode instead allows pattern sequences to be drawn freehand.

In both modes, you can perform basic editing: clicking an empty square activates the pattern in that time slot, and clicking again will deactivate it.

They keyboard can also be used for editing. The arrow keys ↑|↓|←|→ will move the keyboard input cursor, and pressing Return will activate or deactivate the pattern in the current column.

In addition, there are two major playback modes, Song Mode and Pattern Mode (with two minor submodes Selected Pattern mode and Stacked Pattern Mode). These will determine which parts of the song you will listen to during playback.

| Nota
While Select Mode, Draw Mode, Selected Pattern Mode, and Stacked Pattern Mode are activated via the Main Controls of the Song Editor, Song Mode and Pattern Mode are activated via the Transport Control section of the Main Toolbar.

### 8.2.1. Editor de Cançons

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

Once you have selected a part of your song you can delete it by pressing Delete. You can move it by simply dragging your selection to another location with your mouse, or by cutting (Ctrl + x) and pasting (Ctrl + v) using your keyboard. You can also copy your selection by either holding Ctrl while dragging it to a new location, or by copying (Ctrl + c) and pasting (Ctrl + v) using your keyboard.

Selections can be modified by holding Ctrl while clicking to select additional blocks, or to remove selected blocks from the selection.

The arrow keys on the keyboard can also be used, along with Return, to select, move and copy parts of the song:

- Shift + ↑|↓|←|→ can be used to make selections using the keyboard

- Return over a selected block will begin a move or copy

- ↑|↓|←|→ to move the selected cells into position

- Return to move the selected blocks into place

- Ctrl + Return to copy the selected blocks into place

Pressing Esc will cancel an editing operation that's in progress, or clear any selection.

### 8.2.2. Habilitar Mode Dibuix.

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

Clicking a square on the song canvas will add a pattern (the square will turn colorful) and clicking it again will remove it. Holding the mouse button down will continue either adding or removing patterns from under the mouse cursor.

Using the arrow keys on the keyboard, and the Return, will also add and remove patterns from the song.

| Nota
The keyboard input cursor is usually hidden unless you press one of the keys listed in Capítol 3. You can alter this default behavior in the General tab of the Preferences.

### 8.2.3. Editor de Cançons

When Song Mode is selected in the Transport Controls of the Main Toolbar Hydrogen will play the sequence of patterns you have created in the Song Editor from left to right until it reaches the end of the song.

| Suggeriment
El botó (escoltar noves notes) reprodueix la mostra com s'ha afegit al patró. Finalment pots moure un instument amunt i avall amb els botons . La útil funció «Quantitzar» està disponible activant . D'aquesta manera les polsacions insertada respectaràn automàticament respectant la resolució de la parrilla.

### 8.2.4. Estableix Mode Patró/Cançó

El botó (escoltar noves notes) reprodueix la mostra com s'ha afegit al patró. Finalment pots moure un instument amunt i avall amb els botons . La útil funció «Quantitzar» està disponible activant . D'aquesta manera les polsacions insertada respectaràn automàticament respectant la resolució de la parrilla.

| Nota
When referring to Pattern Mode in this manual the described context works with both Selected Pattern Mode and Stacked Pattern Mode.

### 8.2.5. Estableix Mode Patró/Cançó

El botó (escoltar noves notes) reprodueix la mostra com s'ha afegit al patró. Finalment pots moure un instument amunt i avall amb els botons . La útil funció «Quantitzar» està disponible activant . D'aquesta manera les polsacions insertada respectaràn automàticament respectant la resolució de la parrilla.

Normally when composing a pattern and editing it, you'll listen to that single pattern looping over and over again while working on it. Sometimes, however, it's useful to hear that pattern in the context of other patterns (for example, other instrument parts) while working on it.

Stacked Pattern Mode will play multiple patterns simultaneously, on a loop. You can select or unselect a pattern by Ctrl + left clicking the pattern's name or by clicking the empty triangle in the Sidebar of the Song Editor. Patterns currently playing are indicated by green triangles while those about to start and stop when playback is looped to the beginning again are indicated using yellow and red ones respectively.

| Suggeriment
You can alter the colors of the indicators in the Colors tab of the Preferences.

| Nota
When referring to Pattern Mode in this manual the described context works with both Selected Pattern Mode and Stacked Pattern Mode.

## 8.3. Sidebar

The Sidebar of the Song Editor allows you to interact with and arrange the patterns of your song.

Left-clicking selects a pattern, double-clicking allows you to rename a pattern, drag-and-dropping allows you to rearrange the patterns, and right-clicking will show you a menu where you can change a number of things:

Figura 8.2. L'Editor de Patrons

- [Backspace] = Reinicia cançó o patró des de l'inici

  | Nota
  Note that patterns with the same name are not allowed.

- [Backspace] = Reinicia cançó o patró des de l'inici

- Fill/Clear: will open a window that allows you to fill/clear a part of the song with the selected pattern by entering the start- and end bar.

- Properties: will open a window where you can change the name of the pattern and also assign it to a certain category. Using the latter you can group pattern in the Sound Library.

  Figura 8.3. L'Editor de Patrons

  | Nota
  Note that you can choose one of the existing categories from the dropdown list, but you can also enter a new category name in the Pattern Category box.

- [Backspace] = Reinicia cançó o patró des de l'inici

- Els Kits de Bateria es guarden automàticament al directodi de `dades` (p.e. `$HOME/data/drumkits`).

- *.h2pattern: Fitxer XML que descriu un patró. Els patrons són un grup de polsacions gestionats per l'etidor de patrons.

- PortAudio: un controlador d'àudo multiplataforma de codi font obert

  Virtual patterns are a convenient way of grouping patterns together. For example, say you have a song in which three patterns are always played together at the start of each bar. Previously, the way to do this in the pattern matrix was to explicitly enable the three patterns at each bar.

  With virtual patterns we can assign a pattern to be a sort of meta-pattern that implicitly invokes these three patterns together when the new virtual pattern is enabled in the pattern matrix. This way, we only need to set one pattern every bar, instead of three.

  Virtual patterns provide a function that's similar to the regular pattern editor, and one could argue that since a virtual pattern is also a regular pattern, we could have just merged the three patterns into this new one. However, the advantage that virtual patterns provide is that if one of the original three patterns changes, the virtual pattern automatically inherits the change. A virtual pattern can also invoke other virtual patterns.

## 8.4. Timeline

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

The majority of songs consist of several parts (intro, verse, chorus ...) and often these parts will have a different tempo. Hydrogen provides an easy way to let you change the tempo at the beginning of any column. This is done by adding Tempo Markers to your song.

El botó (escoltar noves notes) reprodueix la mostra com s'ha afegit al patró. Finalment pots moure un instument amunt i avall amb els botons . La útil funció «Quantitzar» està disponible activant . D'aquesta manera les polsacions insertada respectaràn automàticament respectant la resolució de la parrilla.

| Nota
Please note that the Timeline is neither available in Pattern Mode nor in the presence of a JACK Timebase Master.

Now, simply left-click this widget in the middle or upper part and a window will pop up where you can enter the new tempo.

Once you have entered the new tempo and clicked OK, the tempo change will show up on the Timeline. If you click the Tempo Marker again you can edit the tempo, change the bar, or delete it.

| Nota
When disabling the Timeline using the button, the tempo resets to the previous value used before enabling the Timeline. This one will also be used for all parts of the song located prior to the first Tempo Marker. To indicate this behavior a special, faint Tempo Marker is shown at the first column that can not be removed by the user. You can, however, overwrite it with your custom tempo by clicking it and placing a regular Tempo Marker on top of it.

## 8.5. Tags

In addition to altering the tempo when the song switches from e.g. intro into verse, it is also very handy to have a clear indication of more general changes or special events in the song. For this purpose you can also add Tags to the song. These Tags are short text messages you can add at the beginning of a column. They will be shown in the Director whenever the playhead passes them.

To add a Tag, you can either left-click the bottom of the Timeline or middle-click Timeline or Song Ruler. A dialog will pop up that allows you to add text for any bar.

Figura 8.4. Dialog Window for Adding Tags

Once you are done you will see a small `T` at the bottom of the Timeline and can view its content by hovering over it.

## 8.6. Playback Track

Using the Playback Track you can program your song alongside an existing audio file, for example a guitar track.

| Nota
When a Playback Track is loaded, it will be played back every time audio transport in Hydrogen is rolling and Song Mode is activated.

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

Left to the wave display, the controls of the Playback Track are displayed.

- : loads an audio file.

  | Suggeriment
  As an alternative, you can load an audio file by dragging it into Hydrogen and dropping over the Playback Track.

- : mutes the Playback Track.

- : adjusts the volume. You can think of this fader as the mixer strip of the Playback Track. The resulting audio will be passed into the Master section of the Mixer like any other strip too.

## 8.7. Automation Path

Figura 8.5. The Automation Path Widget

The Automation Path allows you to control the overall velocity of all notes throughout the song. It can be viewed using the shortcut Alt + A or via the View option of the Main Menu.

Clicking the graph area introduces a new point determining when and to which value the velocity will be changed. Currently only linear interpolations of the velocity between the individual points are supported. You can drag a point to move it and you can delete one by dragging another point over it and "absorbing" it.

| Nota
Whether the Automation Path is hidden or shown does not affect its activation state. It is always active and can't be disabled. But in its default setting it won't alter anything. In its current implementation you have to reset the Automation Path to its original state manually in order to disable it.

## Capítol 9. L'Editor de Patrons

Figura 9.1. L'Editor de Patrons

This is where it all happens, this is where you can make music :-)

El botó (escoltar noves notes) reprodueix la mostra com s'ha afegit al patró. Finalment pots moure un instument amunt i avall amb els botons . La útil funció «Quantitzar» està disponible activant . D'aquesta manera les polsacions insertada respectaràn automàticament respectant la resolució de la parrilla.

| Nota
If you are editing a pattern in Selected Pattern Mode you will always hear the pattern you are editing when you playback is rolling. If you are working in Stacked Pattern Mode you will hear the active pattern(s), not necessarily the pattern you are currently editing.

## 9.1. La Pestanya d'Aparença

### 9.1.1. Controls

Figura 9.2. L'Editor de Patrons

The top part of the Pattern Editor contains a number of controls applying to both the Drumkit Editor and the Piano Roll Editor:

- Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

  The left combo box represents the numerator of your current measure. You can enter a decimal numerator, like `4.5/4`, but since resolution in Hydrogen is limited, some values are not supported and can not be entered.

  | Nota
  Hydrogen supports (only) the following denominators (right combo box): `1`, `2`, `3`, `4`, `6`, `8`, `12`, `16`, `24`, `32`, `48`, `64`, `96`, and `192` because these are the factors of the maximum resolution (192 ticks per whole note).

  | Suggeriment
  Typing / within the numerator (first combo box) also you to quickly jump to the denominator.

- Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

  | Nota
  Recorda aquesta limitació respecte la parrilla: si estàs treballant amb una resolució de 16 no pots tornar a 8 i esborrar una nota d'un 16è; per altra banda si estàs treballant en una resolució de 8 i intentes insertar una nota entre dues barres (mirant per una precisió d'un setzè), les notes seràn posades automàticament a la barra d'un vuitè més pròxima. Aquesta restricció pot ser deshabilitada si es treu la resolució de tota la parrilla (escull "desactiva" al LCD de control de parrilla). Ara podràs posar les notes on vulguis.

- Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

  | Nota
  When disabled you will still hear the preview sound when clicking on the instrument name in the Sidebar. Be sure to click at the left-most position - where the preview is silent - in case you don't want to get disturbed.

- Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

- El botó (escoltar noves notes) reprodueix la mostra com s'ha afegit al patró. Finalment pots moure un instument amunt i avall amb els botons . La útil funció «Quantitzar» està disponible activant . D'aquesta manera les polsacions insertada respectaràn automàticament respectant la resolució de la parrilla.

### 9.1.2. Sidebar

Figura 9.3. L'Editor de Patrons

The section on the left shows you what drumkit is currently selected (GMRockKit by default) and below that you can see the instruments that are part of this kit.

Left-clicking the box containing the instrument name will play back a sample of the instrument. Which layer will be select depends on the horizontal position of the mouse click representing zero velocity to the left and maximum velocity to the right. In addition, each instrument has its own set of features that are accessible by right-clicking the instrument. From the context menu that pops up you can select.

- Guany: El volum general de l'instrument.

- Instruments: aquest menú conté funcions d'instruments i kit de bateria (llibreries de sò).

- Guany: El volum general de l'instrument.

- Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

- Instruments: aquest menú conté funcions d'instruments i kit de bateria (llibreries de sò).

  - Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

  - Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

  - [Backspace] = Reinicia cançó o patró des de l'inici

  - Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

  | Suggeriment
  These can be used together to change the instrumentation of a song, entirely replacing one instrument with another by just copy and pasting the notes to a new instrument.

- Instruments: aquest menú conté funcions d'instruments i kit de bateria (llibreries de sò).

  - Guany: El volum general de l'instrument.

  - Guany: El volum general de l'instrument.

El botó (escoltar noves notes) reprodueix la mostra com s'ha afegit al patró. Finalment pots moure un instument amunt i avall amb els botons . La útil funció «Quantitzar» està disponible activant . D'aquesta manera les polsacions insertada respectaràn automàticament respectant la resolució de la parrilla.

The order of the instruments can be rearranged by simply dragging an instrument up/down in the list and dropping it on a new position within the drumkit. Doing so will not change the sequence of notes you have created for that instrument, nor will it change anything about the song or pattern you are working on.

| Avís
It will however, have an impact on the MIDI note mapping.

| Avís
Rearranging the instruments will also mess up the per-instrument JACK output ports. Be sure to have your drumkit set up before starting wiring.

## 9.2. L'Editor de Patrons

Figura 9.4. L'Editor de Patrons

Right of the Sidebar area you can see your selected pattern and add notes for any instrument. The simplest way to create a pattern is by adding notes using Fill notes. Where you can add notes depends on the used pattern size and resolution.

If you are using Hydrogen as a pure 'drum' you just want Hydrogen to 'hit' the instrument wherever there's a 'dot' in the pattern. If you are using Hydrogen as an 'instrument', the length of the note becomes very important. There are 2 ways to define the length of a note :

- you can add a note by left-clicking, and then can 'stretch' that note by right-click-dragging it. This will change the dot into a rectangle that represents the duration of that note.

- alternatively, you can add a stop-note by Shift + left-clicking. This adds a blue dot which represents the end of the note.

(Figure above, from left>right : a 'normal' note, a note in 'note length' mode, a note in 'note off' mode)

As in the Song Editor, the arrow keys can also be used to move around the pattern, and notes can be placed or removed with Return (see Capítol 3).

Notes can be selected by dragging over them with the mouse (or Shift + ↑|↓|←|→), and can be deleted with Delete, or moved by dragging (or Return followed by ↑|↓|←|→ movements) the notes to a new location. This allows notes to be moved between different instruments, or to adjust their timing. Movement in the horizontal direction is constrained by the currently selected grid resolution, however this can be overridden by holding down Alt while moving notes.

Moving a selection of notes with Ctrl held down will copy them to the new location rather than moving, as in the Song Editor.

Selected notes can also be copied to the clipboard with Ctrl + C, and pasted with Ctrl + V. When pasting, the relative positions of the input cursor at the time of the Copy and Paste operation will set the new position of pasted notes.

So far we have only used the mouse or keyboard editing to create a pattern, but you can also record your beats. This is probably a more musical way of creating a pattern, but it's up to you to decide what works best for you.

| Suggeriment
Also see Capítol 18 for a basic walk-through of how the Pattern Editor works.

## 9.3. L'Editor de Patrons

Figura 9.5. The Note Properties Ruler set to Velocity

Clicking on an instrument or adding/removing a note associated will select this instrument. Once an instrument is selected all note properties of its notes will be shown in the form of vertical lines in the bottom window. The lines represent the values for the selected property of each note of the selected instrument. You can select a different note-property from the note property drop-down list (located bottom-left).

| Suggeriment
The color of the vertical bar will change according to the velocity value you have defined and can be customized in the Colors tab of the Preferences.

Els controladors disponibles són els següents:

- Velocity: how hard the note is played (the volume of the note). This property also determines which sample of the instrument will be selected.

- Pan: with this property you can move the stereo image position of the note (how loud it will be in the left/right output).

  | Suggeriment
  For a detailed description of how this Pan value does interact with the instrument Pan and the Pan Laws in the Mixer please see Pan.

- Lead/Lag: Lead and Lag allows a slight note lead or lag in respect of the actual beat. The range is ca. 5 ticks (ca. 1/10 of quarter notes) which equals around ca. 10 ms at a tempo of 120bpm. Changing the lead/lag can make a huge difference to the way your pattern sounds and feels. It's a groove thing ;-)

- NoteKey: if you select this note parameter the area where you can modify the parameter will change into a 'piano keyboard'

  Figura 9.6. The Note Properties Ruler showing the NoteKey Property

  The striped black and white area represents a piano keyboard and in the gray area you can choose the octave. By moving the dots on the octave scale and the 'keyboard', you can choose any note value.

  | Nota
  Note that the Piano Roll Editor can also be used to change the note value of existing notes.

- Probability: changing the Probability property of a note provides a way for Hydrogen to automatically create some variation in patterns. By setting the probability to less than `1.0`, a note may be randomly skipped: a note with probability `1.0` will always be played, a note with probability of `0.0` will never be played.

Clicking or dragging the value lines in the Note Properties Editor will set the property value. But often you'll want to set the properties of several notes at once, so there are a few ways to do this.

- Drawing with the mouse:

  Pressing the mouse button over the first note's property, you can hold down the mouse button and drag over multiple notes. This is great for quickly creating a crescendo from a filled set of notes.

- Selecting multiple notes:

  The mouse or keyboard can be used to select multiple notes, which can then be modified all together by dragging them together. This can be useful for creating really consistent quiet grace notes. Alternatively, you can use the mouse wheel for a coarse adjustment or combine it with a pressed Ctrl key for fine adjustments.

## 9.4. L'Editor de Patrons

Figura 9.7. L'Editor de Patrons

The Pattern Editor can be used as Piano Roll Editor pressing the Input button.

While the Drumkit Editor focuses on using Hydrogen as a drum machine, you can also use it an instrument via the Piano Roll Editor. It gives you a complete 'piano keyboard' so you can easily put down your tunes.

You can compare the Piano mode to the NoteKey property in the Note Properties Editor. Only here you have a complete piano keyboard, so you don't have to select the octave first.

| Nota
When entering multiple notes in one column - as a chord - the corresponding symbol in the Drumkit Editor will be prepended with e.g. a `3x` to indicate the presence of three separate notes. Also, to adjust the note properties of the individual notes within a chord can be done by right-clicking on the note and dragging the mouse up or down.

## Capítol 10. Llibreria de Sò (Gestor del Kit de Bateria)

Figura 10.1. Cançons en la Llibreria de Sò

La llibreria de sò t'estalvia temps per gestionar els teus kits de bateria, patrons preferits, i cançons preferides. Quan crees cançons noves i kits de bateria, la Llibreria de Sò et facilita reutilitzar i mesclar instruments i patrons des d'altres kits i cançons.

It is located in the Instrument Rack in the lower right corner of Hydrogen, which can be shown or hidden via the View option in the Main Menu or via the corresponding button in the Main Toolbar. The Instrument Rack does either show the Instrument Editor or the Sound Library depending on what is chosen in the View option in the Main Menu or the corresponding buttons at the top of the Instrument Rack.

## 10.1. Kits de Bateria d'Usuari

The list of drumkits comprises kits present at both system and user level as well as those loaded via command-line option or OSC command.

Això llista els kits de bateria que estàn instalats en el teu administrador de sistema. Està determinat per un prefix en temps de compilació. En sistemes operatius tipus-unix això és normalment `/usr/share/hydrogen/data/drumkits`, o possiblement `/usr/local/share/hydrogen/data/drumkits`. Aquests kits estàn disponibles per tots els usuaris del sistema, i els usuaris normalment no poden afegir-n'hi.

The User drumkits are those which you can manage yourself. They are stored in the Hydrogen data directory (usually `$HOME/.hydrogen/data/`) within the `drumkits` subfolder. When you have created a new drumkit via New in the Drumkit option of the Main Menu, you can save it using Save As from the same menu. In addition, you can also Online Import a number of drumkits provided by the dev team of Hydrogen.

| Avís
If you are using Hydrogen for creating songs or drumkits or redistribute existing ones you need to pay special attention to the licenses of the drumkit(s) you are using. DISCLAIMER : Hydrogen is not responsible for the drumkits that are made available for download by our users, either via the hydrogen-music.org or via any other channel.

Per a carregar un kit de bateria des d'aqui, clica amb el botó dret al kit de bateria i selecciona Carregar. Això canviarà el kit de bateria actual amb el que hagis seleccionat. Per carregar un sol instrument del kit, clica amb el botò esquerre mes cap a l'esquerra del nom del kit de bateria per mostrar tots els instruments. Amb el botó esquerre del ratolí, clica i arrossega l'instrument al kit actual. L'instrument serà afegit al kit de bateria que hagis carregat.

## 10.2. Editor de Cançons

Per desar les cançons a la Llibreria de Sò, posa-les al directori de dades sotta la carpeta `cançons` (normalment `$HOME/data/songs`). Per esborrar-les, esborra el fitxer del directori.

## 10.3. L'Editor de Patrons

Per desar les cançons a la Llibreria de Sò, posa-les al directori de dades sotta la carpeta `cançons` (normalment `$HOME/data/songs`). Per esborrar-les, esborra el fitxer del directori.

Assegura't d'etitar les propietats clicant amb el botó dret i seleccionant Propietats abans de desar els teus patrons preferits a la llibreria de sò. Aquí li potd donar títol i categoria al patró. Pots utilitzar alguna de les categories predeterminades o crear-ne una de nova simplement escrivint el seu nom. El nom de la categoria és important, ja que els patrons es desen per categoria a la Llibreria de Sò.

## Capítol 11. Instrument

Figura 11.1. Creant Instruments i Capes

The Instrument Editor is located in the Instrument Rack in the lower right corner of Hydrogen, which can be shown or hidden via the View option in the Main Menu or via the corresponding button in the Main Toolbar. The Instrument Rack does either show the Instrument Editor or the Sound Library depending on what is chosen in the View option in the Main Menu or the corresponding buttons at the top of the Instrument Rack.

## 11.1. La Pestanya d'Aparença

When clicking the `General` button in the Instrument Editor you can adjust several parameters that apply to the particular instrument (and all its layers) selected in the Sidebar of the Pattern Editor.

| Nota
It's important that you understand Drumkit Concepts and a couple of basic concepts of sound synthesis described in the Glossary in order to continue on. To ease reading, several of the latter concepts are linked in the text.

### 11.1.1. Paràmetres d'Envolupant

When a note associated with this instrument is triggered, its volume is run through an ADSR Envelope. Its particular settings can be adjusted using the envelope parameters located right below the instrument name.

- Atac- la quantitat de temps que el volum de la mostra triga a anar de 0 al volum de velocitat màxima. Si el valor es 0, la mostra es reproduirà inmediatament a velocitat màxima. Si el valor és 1.0, el volum de la mostra farà servir el temps màxim disponible per al paràmetre d'atac.

- Decay- la quantitat de temps per al volum de la mostra a anar de velocitat màxima fins al nivell de volum de sustain. Si el valor és 0, la mostra evitarà el volum d'atac i anirà directament al nivell de sustain. Si el valor és 1.0, el volum de la mostra utilitzarà el màxim de temps disponible per al paràmetre decay.

- Sustain- el volum al que es tocarà la nota un cop la fase de decay s'ha acabat, i fins que la nota es deixa anar. Si està a 0 la nota serà silenciosa. Si està a 1.0, la nota es tocarà a velotitat màxima.

- Release- el temps d'atenuar la nota des del nivell de sustain a silenci. Si està a 0, la nota s'atenuarà en el valor mínim de temps (mes o menys, 5 ms.). Si està a 1, s'atenuarà durant la major quantitat de temps disponible.

  Note, however, that this only affects notes for which you set a note length smaller than the underlying sample length (see Secció 9.2). All other notes are played back till the end of the sample without reaching the release phase.

| Nota
All transitions between the individual ADSR phases are done using exponential functions. Els paràmetres d'atac, decay i release es configuren tots a partir del nombre de mostres d'àudio. Això significa que el temps canvia segons la freqüència de mostreig de la teva tarja de sò. El màxim de temps és 100.000 mostres d'àucio (típicament, 2,27 segons a 44.1 kHz).

Si la mostra és més curta que els temps especificats, la mostra acabarà, sigui quina sigui la fase de l'ADSR en que es trobi. Si la nota està en sustain, no dibuixa la nota mentre l'estàs aguantant. Només aguanta el paràmetre guany (volum) durant aquest temps.

### 11.1.2. Guany i Enmudir Grup

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

The Gain adjusts the overall volume of all samples associated with this Instrument. This Gain is applied in addition to the one you set for each layer and before the one that is set in the Instrument Channel Strips. If the set to `0`, the instrument will be silent. If the Gain is `1.0`, the volume of the samples will not be adjusted. If the Gain is set higher, the samples will be amplified.

| Avís
És molt fàcil posar el Guany massa alt, provocant que la mostra es saturi. Recorda provar el guany a velocitat màxima. Si satures la senyal aqui, serà pitjor quan Hydrogen ho processi.

Hydrogen proporciona més grups per a enmudir dels que sabràs què fer-hi (cap a 256). Un grup per enmudir és una agrupació d'instruments que són mutualment exclusius - només un instrument pot estar-se tocant en un determinat moment. Si un s'està tocant i un altre instrument d'aquest grup és disparat, serà inmediatament silenciat (mut) i començarà a tocar-se l'altre instrument. És útil, sobretot per a instruments com ara el charles en els que el sò obert i el sò tancat són instruments diferents.

Si el grup d'enmudiment està Desactivat, l'instrument no és una part de cap grup d'enmudiment. Si el grup d'enmudiment està activat a qualsevol nombre, aleshores aquest és el grup al que l'instrument està assignat. Per posar altres instruments en el mateix sac, selecciona que el seu grup d'enmudiment tingui el mateix nombre. (Per exemple, per agrupar tots els charles, pots posar-los el seu grup d'enmudiment a 1. Per tenir la caixa dins d'un altre grup, posa el seu grup a 2.)

If the Auto-Stop-Note box is checked, Hydrogen will immediately stop any playing samples belonging to this instrument whenever the instrument is re-triggered, e.g. by another note.

This option is particularly useful when you are using long samples like a crash or some existing audio that you have sampled (like a looped voice in a dance/electro song). For the crash you will need to use the Auto Stop-Note when you are sequencing multiple notes in fast succession and want to make it sound realistic. If you do not check this option the cymbal will start to sound like multiple cymbals instead of only one (since the sample of each individual hit will be played completely). For the voice sample this option is useful if you are trying to get that 'stuttering' effect.

The Apply Velocity box lets the user decide whether Hydrogen should apply the note velocity to the sample being played.

| Suggeriment
The note velocity can set it the Note Properties Editor.

When activated, Hydrogen will apply the note velocity to the sample gain in addition to e.g. the layer gain, the instrument gain, the component gain, or the instrument volume. (A full list of all contributions can be found in Guany). If all the layer samples are normalized, this option should be used.

| Nota
By default this option will be selected as this is the way older versions of Hydrogen used to work.

When not activated, the note velocity will only be used to select the sample to be played, but the sample gain itself will not be changed. This is useful for set of samples that already have their gain "hard-coded".

### 11.1.3. Paràmetres d'Envolupant

El filtre és un filtre passa-baixos ressonant. Si no vols fer-lo servir, clica BYPass per a que es posi el botó vermell. Si no està vermell, el filtre està actiu. El paràmetre cutoff ajusta la freqüència de tall pel filtre. El paràmetre de ressonància ajusta com ressonarà la freqüència de tall. Si la ressonància està a 0, el filtre és un simple passa-baixos.

| Nota
La freqüència de tall del filtre varia amb la freqüència de mostreig de la teva tarja de sò. El rang del botó (de 0 a 1.0) està optimitzat per a una freqüència de mostreig de 48.000 kHz.

### 11.1.4. Paràmetres d'Instruments

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

The first two knobs control the pitch shift offset. You can use it to change the tuning of the instrument. Pitch is the Coarse control and has quantized steps of half-tones from `-24` to `+24`. Fine is the Fine control and has quantized steps of cents of half-tones from `-0.50` to `+0.50`.

The Random parameter allows you to randomly vary the pitch of the sample every time it is triggered. The value is set between `0` and `1.0`.

| Nota
The pitch change is fairly small, almost always between ±1 half-steps ⨉ value. Using this sparingly can help your sequences to sound more like a real drummer.

### 11.1.5. MIDI Out Settings

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

Hydrogen is capable of generating MIDI messages that you can use to trigger any external MIDI device or application. To do this, you simply need to configure the MIDI output Channel and Note for every instrument. You need to have a sample loaded (an empty WAV file is fine) and make sure the proper MIDI routing/wiring is in place and you're set. As you can see this is a very flexible approach that enables you to trigger samples or sounds from multiple devices and/or apps.

From now on every time a note is played for that instrument (in the Hydrogen sequencer) a MIDI message will be sent to your external app/device and trigger a sound. This way you can use Hydrogen as a pure sequencer for other apps, or combine the internal Hydrogen sampler with multiple external apps/devices.

| Nota
By enabling Use output note as input in the MIDI system tab of the Preferences dialog the number specified in the Note field will also be used to associate the current instrument with the corresponding incoming MIDI messages.

### 11.1.6. Hi-Hat Pressure Group

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

The hi-hat is a particular instrument of the drumkit as its sound can be changed by pressing the foot pedal.

For e-drum owners, the hi-hat pressure group enables to group different hi-hat instruments together, for example closed, half closed, fully open.

Pressure Group: you can assign more instruments to the same group. You can create many groups. For example one group for the different opening levels of a hi-hat when playing the top of it, another group when playing the edge. Another example: timpanis - create a group for each timpani and the pressure will change the note.

Range: set the minimum and maximum pressure for each instrument. Each instrument of a given group should seat in its own separate pressure range. The range will decide at what pressure level the instrument will be played. For example, if your closed hi-hat has range from `0` to `20`, when the hi-hat pedal is pressed between `0` and `20` the closed hi-hat is played.

## 11.2. Capa

Figura 11.2. Creant Instruments i Capes

When clicking the `Layers` button in the Instrument Editor you can adjust the samples and synthesizer parameters of the particular layers of the instrument selected in the Sidebar of the Pattern Editor.

### 11.2.1. Components

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

Right below the `General` and `Layers` button you find the name of the currently selected component. In the drop down menu accessible by pressing you find a list of all components available in the current drumkit and can select them via a left click. Below a separator you can also find three options to `add` a new component, `delete` the current one, or `rename` the current one.

| Avís
The components are shared by all instruments. This means deleting it will delete it including all associated layers from a all instruments and not just the currently selected one.

### 11.2.2. Capa

Figura 11.3. L'Editor de Patrons

Next you find a listing of all layers of the current component in the selected instrument. The wave form of the sample loaded to the currently selected layer (the one enclosed by a red rectangle) is displayed below.

| Nota
Empty layers will be displayed as `< - >`.

El botó (escoltar noves notes) reprodueix la mostra com s'ha afegit al patró. Finalment pots moure un instument amunt i avall amb els botons . La útil funció «Quantitzar» està disponible activant . D'aquesta manera les polsacions insertada respectaràn automàticament respectant la resolució de la parrilla.

| Suggeriment
Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

| Nota
When loading a sample it will per-default have its active area set to the whole velocity range. By checking the Set auto velocity option all layers will be assigned an equally sized velocity range corresponding to their layer number. Note, however, that this option will overwrite all existing velocity ranges.

Above the layer listing you find boxes in different shades of grey indicating which range of note velocity will trigger which sample (left: zero velocity, right: maximum velocity). Left-clicking on any of these boxes will play back the sound of associated sample modulated by the velocity corresponding to the horizontal position of the mouse cursor.

| Suggeriment
This will be quite handy when adjusting the velocity ranges of the layers.

You might have already noticed in the picture above or for shipped drumkits in the Hydrogen GUI that a layer row contains a light blue rectangle that those not quite fill the whole row. This rectangle indicates the range in velocity the associated sample should be triggered. This way you can separate samples for soft hits, regular hits, and so on for each instrument (component). Whenever two rectangles do overlap a triggered note with a velocity within this shared range will consult the Sample Selection to determine which sample will be played back. You can adjust the velocity ranges of each layer by left-clicking the left or right end of the light blue rectangles and dragging it to the desired position.

| Nota
If there is a(n accidental) hole between two adjacent velocity ranges, the layer closest to the triggered velocity will be used.

### 11.2.3. Editor de Cançons

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

Having a set of samples containing different sample versions of similar sound for the same note velocity is a good way to make your drumkit sound more natural. After all, drummers for example never hit the drum set twice the exact same way.

Hydrogen tries to emulate this behavior by providing multiple layers with overlapping velocity ranges. How the selection of the resulting sample will take place is for you to decide using the Sample Sel. dropdown menu at the bottom of the Instrument Editor.

- `First in Velocity`: will select the first sample available in the velocity set - the one of the layer most further down in the layer listing.

  | Nota
  This is the way previous versions of Hydrogen were working.

- `Round Robin`: will cycle through the different samples one after another as note a in the same velocity range are played.

- `Random`: will select a random sample inside the velocity range for each note played.

### 11.2.4. Controls

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

- Afegir instrument - Afegeix un nou instrument al kit de bateria actualment actiu

- Instruments: aquest menú conté funcions d'instruments i kit de bateria (llibreries de sò).

- Comença la compensació del comptador de polsacions en ms - ajustar el temps entre l'última entrada ComptadorDePolsacions i quan comença la reproducció de la cançó (si la funció d'auto inici està desactivada).

- Comença la compensació del comptador de polsacions en ms - ajustar el temps entre l'última entrada ComptadorDePolsacions i quan comença la reproducció de la cançó (si la funció d'auto inici està desactivada).

## Capítol 12. Editor de Cançons

Figura 12.1. L'Editor de Cançons

The Sample Editor allows you to tweak and manipulate your samples. It can be accessed by selecting a layer in the Instrument Editor and clicking the button. It will really speed up the creation of a drumkit since you can do the fine-tuning of the samples within Hydrogen and avoid a lengthy import-test-tweak workflow using an external application. This mean less switching between Hydrogen and your audio editor and more time to make music!

| Nota
The changes you make to your samples in the Sample Editor are non-destructive and are saved per song. So, the original sample will not be changed, and you can reuse the same sample in multiple songs with different Sample Editor settings.

## 12.1. Wave Display and Region Editing

Figura 12.2. The Wave Display Section of the Sample Editor

In the larger (left) wave display you can see the wave form of the sample you are about to edit. In there you can set the start, stop, and loop point for the sample by dragging the the 3 markers:

- Start Marker (green): labeled with a `S` and indicates the beginning of the tweaked sample.

- End Marker (red): labeled with a `E` and indicates the end of the tweaked sample.

- Loop Marker (blue): labeled with a `L` and determines the loop-in point of your sample.

| Suggeriment
You can easily move one of the markers by grabbing them close to the letter that marks them.

Underneath you can find a numerical display of the position set for the individual markers as well as some further options. The position of the markers is expressed in number of frames from the very beginning of the sample.

- Mesclador - Obre la finestra del mesclador.

- Mesclador - Obre la finestra del mesclador.

- ALSA: El controlador d'àudio més extès en Linux

- Loop Count: indicates the number of times the sample will be repeated between Loop and the End Marker. This section will therefore be played back Loop Count + 1 times.

- Mesclador - Obre la finestra del mesclador.

- [CTRL + S] = Desar fitxer

| Nota
These values will change if you drag the markers, but you can also fine-tune the marker position by using the up/down arrows of the spinboxes, the up/down keys on your keyboard, or by using your mouse scroll wheel while hovering above the spinboxes.

Whenever you move one of the markers you will see a detail view of the position of that marker on the smaller (right) wave display on the right, making it easy to find the zero-crossings in the sample. This detail window also has a slider next to it that allows you to zoom in and out on the vertical axis. Think of it as a sort of volume 'zoom'.

| Suggeriment
If you want to hear a preview of the tweaking you have done so far, you first need to press the Apply Changes and then the Play button (both at the bottom of the window) to hear the result.

## 12.2. Paràmetres d'Instruments

Figura 12.3. L'Editor de Patrons

This section of the Sample Editor allows you to use Rubber Band - a tool that can change the tempo of a sample without changing the sample's pitch (and vice versa) - to tweak your sample.

| Nota
These options are only available if Rubber Band support was either compiled into Hydrogen or was properly configures in the General tab of the Preferences. After installing Rubber Band you should check if the path to the rubberband cli is configured correctly (see Secció 5.1). If neither is the case, all associated widgets will be disabled. When Sample length to beat is set to `off` the whole Rubber Band functionality will be disabled.

- Sample length to beat: specifies the length of the resulting sample (after Rubber Band was applied to it). After choosing a value other than `off` the length ratio between the original and the resulting sample will be displayed to the right of the combo box under new sample length. To ease the process of finding a proper value, the checkbox will be highlighted green if the length is more or less the same, yellow if there are larger changes, and red if there are significant changes.

  | Suggeriment
  This should be set to the length of the part of the sample between the Start and End marker, expressed in number of beats.

  | Nota
  The beat length does dependent on the current tempo of the song. If it is changed, the samples need to be recalculated using Rubber Band again. When exporting a song all required recalculations will be done automatically. But while using standard playback the button in the Main Toolbar has to be activated to enable the recalculation of all samples on the fly.

- Instruments: aquest menú conté funcions d'instruments i kit de bateria (llibreries de sò).

- Crispness: fine-tunes the processing algorithm used by Rubber Band. It does not affect tempo or pitch, but changes the way the sample sounds.

## 12.3. Playback and Envelope Editor

Figura 12.4. L'Editor de Patrons

The bottom part of the Sample Editor features some basic controls and the Envelope Editor.

- Instruments: aquest menú conté funcions d'instruments i kit de bateria (llibreries de sò).

- ALSA: El controlador d'àudio més extès en Linux

- ALSA: El controlador d'àudio més extès en Linux

- panorama/volume: dropdown specifying whether the `pan(orama)` or `volume` of the sample will be tweaked in the Envelope Editor.

Using the Envelope Editor you can fine-tune both the volume and panorama (pan) of your sample. This is done by creating envelopes by

| Nota
The volume envelope is blue and the pan envelope is yellow.

1. First select `volume` or `panorama` in the dropdown to the right.

2. Left-clicking in the Envelope Editor will add a point to the selected envelope or allows you to drag an existing one.

3. Obre - Obre una cançó

4. Hit Apply Changes to make your changes take effect.

## Capítol 13. Mesclador

Figura 13.1. El Mesclador

The Mixer window can be opened by pressing Alt + M, by selecting Mixer in the View option of the Main Menu, or by clicking the Mixer button on the Main Toolbar.

The Mixer consists of 3 sections (from left to right): the one containing the Instrument Channel Strips and Component Channel Strips, the FX Plugin Rack, and the Master Fader Strip. The Hydrogen Mixer works very much like a hardware mixer does: it lets you set the volume, pan, FX and several other things for every instrument as well as the volume of all of these sources mixed together.

## 13.1. Paràmetres d'Instruments

Figura 13.2. Paràmetres d'Instruments

- És molt fàcil posar el Guany massa alt, provocant que la mostra es saturi. Recorda provar el guany a velocitat màxima. Si satures la senyal aqui, serà pitjor quan Hydrogen ho processi.

  | Suggeriment
  This is quite handy for checking clipping.

  Right-clicking the button will stop all currently playing notes of the associated instrument.

  | Suggeriment
  This is especially useful when dealing with long samples and Auto-Stop Note is disabled.

- : lights up whenever this instrument is triggered, e.g. by a note in a pattern or an external MIDI controller).

- : shows whether the instrument is currently selected (in both the Mixer and the Pattern Editor).

  | Nota
  If the Input mode is set to `Instrument`, incoming MIDI events and virtual keyboard keys will trigger only (pitch shifted) sounds of the currently selected instrument.

  | Suggeriment
  An instrument can be selected by interacting with its Instrument Channel Strip in the Mixer, by interacting with its associated row in the Pattern Editor, or by the corresponding MIDI or OSC command.

- : mutes all sounds related to the instrument (including the preview sound you hear when clicking on the instrument name in the Sidebar of the Pattern Editor).

  | Nota
  This button is sharing its state with the mute button of corresponding instrument in the Sidebar of the Pattern Editor.

- Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

  | Nota
  This button is sharing its state with the solo button of corresponding instrument in the Sidebar of the Pattern Editor.

- És molt fàcil posar el Guany massa alt, provocant que la mostra es saturi. Recorda provar el guany a velocitat màxima. Si satures la senyal aqui, serà pitjor quan Hydrogen ho processi.

  | Suggeriment
  For a detailed description of how this pan value does interact with the note pan and the Pan Laws in the Mixer please see Pan.

- : the four pre-fader FX send knobs that determine how much of this instrument will be sent to the effect plugins in the FX Rack.

- Fader: the fader next to the instrument's name allows you to adjust the volume of the instrument which will be applied on top of all the individual note velocities, layer gains etc. In the background of the fader a volume unit (VU) meter is included representing the instrument's signal level. The display above shows its peak value.

  | Suggeriment
  You can adjust the falloff speed of the peak values in the display in the Interface tab of the Appearance tab in the Preferences.

| Nota
If the Create per-instrument outputs option in the Audio Engine tab of the Preferences was selected for the JACK audio driver, Hydrogen will register ports for each instrument. All the options described above will only take effect if in addition the Track output option in the same tab as set to `Post-Fader`. This allows you to route the individual instruments directly into any other JACK enabled application, like Ardour, and gives you a lot more flexibility.

## 13.2. Paràmetres d'Instruments

Figura 13.3. Paràmetres d'Instruments

Right of the Instrument Channel Strips there additional strips corresponding to the instrument components.

| Nota
These channels will not be exposed as JACK output ports when enabling the Create per-instrument outputs option in the Preferences.

- Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

- Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

- Fader: the fader next to the component's name allows you to adjust the volume of all layers (of all instruments) associated with this component. In the background of the fader a volume unit (VU) meter is included representing the instrument's signal level. The displays shows its peak value.

  | Suggeriment
  You can adjust the falloff speed of the peak values in the display in the Interface tab of the Appearance tab in the Preferences.

## 13.3. Plugins LADSPA

Figura 13.4. The FX Rack in the Mixer

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

It has 4 slots where you can load a LADSPA effect plugin already installed on your system.

There are dozens of plugins available for download from various sources:

- SWH-Plugins: available at http://plugin.org.uk.

- CMT: available at http://www.ladspa.org.

- TAP: available at http://tap-plugins.sf.net.

- Calf plugins: available at http://calf.sourceforge.net/.

- LSP plugins: available at https://github.com/sadko4u/lsp-plugins/.

- ....

| Nota
Linux Audio Developer's Simple Plugin API (LADSPA) is the only plugin format supported by Hydrogen and it is tailored to be used on Linux platforms. On macOS it's rather easy to get the plugins running as most of their code works on this platform too without any changes. On Windows, however, things are not that straight forward. As of 2022 there are no packages, bundles, or other applications shipping LADSPA plugins for Windows usable within Hydrogen and you have to compile them from source too. But in contrast to Linux and macOS your have to adopt the codebase first (which is most easily done for the CMT plugins). So, it's possible to use plugins under Windows but, unfortunately, not feasible at all.

Una vegada carregada la mostra, veuràs que ara hi ha un 1 a dalt, i que el rectangle s'ha tornat blau cel. Per carregar una segona mostra, clica la posició just a sota, llavors clica Carregar Capa per posar-hi una nova mostra.

After you have selected the FX and tweaked it's parameters you can use the Return knob in the FX Rack of the mixer to increase/decrease how much of this FX will be added to the master output.

The FX itself lives in an aux channel. This means it's not directly added into the signal path of any instrument line but a copy of the audio output of each of them is sent to the FX for processing instead. The amount of signal - 0 per default - send by each can be controlled using the pre-fader FX knobs in the corresponding instrument channel strip. The top left one refers to the top-most FX, the top right one to the second FX and so on. This means, in order to get an all wet signal (none of the original signal but just the processed one enters the mix) of an instrument, you have to ramp up the pre-fader FX knob and set the line's fader to 0.

| Nota
Since the FX signal lives in an aux channel it is neither affected by Auto-Stop-Note nor Mute Groups.

## 13.4. Master Fader Strip

Figura 13.5. Paràmetres d'Instruments

The Master Fader Strip contains the Master volume fader with volume unit (VU) meter representing the signal level, and three global humanization settings.

Una vegada carregada la mostra, veuràs que ara hi ha un 1 a dalt, i que el rectangle s'ha tornat blau cel. Per carregar una segona mostra, clica la posició just a sota, llavors clica Carregar Capa per posar-hi una nova mostra.

El botó (escoltar noves notes) reprodueix la mostra com s'ha afegit al patró. Finalment pots moure un instument amunt i avall amb els botons . La útil funció «Quantitzar» està disponible activant . D'aquesta manera les polsacions insertada respectaràn automàticament respectant la resolució de la parrilla.

### 13.4.1. Humanization

In order to make the resulting audio sound more natural and less artificial, Hydrogen does offer some humanization capabilities.

| Suggeriment
Further humanization capabilities are provided via Random Pitch Shift Parameter in the Instrument Editor. In contrast to the global nature of the humanization in the Master Fader Strip this random pitch will only be applied to notes associated with the corresponding instrument.

- Velocity: adds a certain randomness to the note velocity set in the Note Properties Editor. The higher you turn this knob, the bigger will be the randomness.

- Timing: adds a certain randomness to the note timing set in the Note Properties Editor (as Lead/Lag). The higher you turn this knob, the more the timing will be randomized.

  | Nota
  Notes are displaced in time but the pattern duration or BPM do not change.

- Swing: this knob will add a certain amount of swing to the song. Swing (a slight time delay) is applied to upbeat 16th-notes, and not to 8th-notes as it happens in traditional Jazz.

  This means for instance when setting the resolution of a pattern to `1/16` every second note will be affected. If set to `1/32` instead, every third out of four consecutive notes will be affected. For smaller resolution the swing won't have any effect.

  | Nota
  Please also notice that the amount of lag depends on the current speed as well. The slower the song, the larger is the offset introduced (it scales with 1/tempo).

| Nota
In technical terms both for the Velocity and the Timing a random number will be sampled independently and identically distributed from a Gaussian distribution. The associated knobs provide a linear scaling of the variance of the underlying distribution.

### 13.4.2. Mixer Settings

Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

The Pan Law is the relationship between the Resultant Pan and the separate gains of left and right audio outputs. The aim is to control the horizontal angle the sound seems to arrive from.

Hydrogen features one the most customizable and accurate Pan Law set.

You will find four categories: `linear`, `polar`, `ratio`, `quadratic`. Every category gives a different "scale" or "sensibility" to the pan knob: the same knob position will make the sound appear more lateral or central depending on the category, from the most lateral (linear) to the most central (quadratic).

Then for each category you will find four options, that define a constraint between the gains of the two channels:

- Balance Law (0dB): when you turn the pan knob from center to right, the right gain stays constant at maximum level while the left gain decreases from the maximum level to 0 (and symmetrically turning from center to left).

  It is ideal for balancing a DUAL-channel track. It has ZERO center compensation: the sound will be louder when the pan knob is at center - unless channels are out of phase - so you may have to readjust the volume manually with the mixer fader.

- Constant Power (-3dB): the total power (which is proportional to the square of the gain) is constant for any position of the pan knob.

  Compared to the Balance Law, each channel gain is divided by the square root of 2 when the pan knob is at center (-3.0103 dB center compensation). In a common room, this constraint may give the general perception of uniform volume for any pan knob position (panning a MONO track).

- Constant Sum (-6dB): the sum of left and right gains is constant for any position of the pan knob.

  This constraint preserves the mix volumes in mono export. Compared to the Balance Law, each channel gain is halved (-6.0206 dB) when the pan knob is at center. If you are in an ideal anechoic room (where there are no acoustic reflections) and you seat perfectly at the same distance from the speakers, with this constraint the volume will be really constant for any pan position, because of the linear super-position of sound waves (panning a MONO track).

- Constant k-Norm (Custom dB center compensation): you can experiment adjusting the center compensation to your taste!

  | Suggeriment
  Some hi-end studio mixers - to be used in well tuned rooms - have center compensation between -3dB and -6dB.

The four constraints should not change the perception of the stereo angle, but the volume only (depending on the pan knob).

The Pan Law is something you should choose before starting the mix and keep untouched. Hydrogen sets the ratio Balance Law by default because it was the only available law until version 1.0 (so old songs and drumkits will sound the same). The setting is saved in the song file but not in preferences, so it is NOT remembered when you create a new song.

| Nota
Unlike in advanced mixers, Hydrogen panning makes no distinction if a track is mono or dual-channel (stereo). You cannot pan each channel of stereo tracks separately, nor use a balance law for them and another pan law for mono tracks. If the drumkit you are using is made of true stereo samples, you don't want a negative center compensation probably, so you should select a Balance Law.

## Capítol 14. El Mesclador

Figura 14.1. El Mesclador

The Director provides a quick overview of what Hydrogen is currently doing. It can be opened by pressing Alt + D or by via the View option in the Main Menu.

The Director shows you the song name, a visualization of the Metronome, and the Tags. Just below the metronome you can see the latest tag, and below that the next upcoming tag. This way you have a nice overview of what is going on, and what is about to happen in the song.

| Suggeriment
This comes in very handy when you are recording a song, or if you are using Hydrogen live on stage.

## Capítol 15. L'Editor de Patrons

Figura 15.1. The Playlist Editor with Demo Songs loaded

## 15.1. Menú principal

### 15.1.1. Editor de Cançons

The Playlist Editor allows you to group various songs into a playlist and is intended to ease using Hydrogen live on stage. You can access this window via the View option of the Main Menu.

Using the menu you can add various songs to the playlist and you can arrange their order using the arrow buttons to the right of the widget.

| Nota
When playback reaches the end of one song the next one won't be automatically selected and played! You can select an arbitrary song in the playlist using double left-clicking, by pressing the hotkeys F5 and F6, or the corresponding OSC commands. Also note that selecting a song won't start playback automatically.

### 15.1.2. Controls

At the bottom of the widget you find a couple of buttons you already know from the Transport Control in the Main Toolbar. They do have the same purposes of starting, pausing, and stopping the playback as well as moving the transport position backwards or forwards by one pattern.

| Nota
While focusing the Playlist Editor instead of the main UI the usual shortcuts of Hydrogen, like Space for starting/pausing playback, won't work.

### 15.1.3. Scripts

In addition, the Playlist Editor allows you to add scripts executed right before the selected song is loaded.

| Nota
This means that e.g. OSC commands can not be used to change the state of Hydrogen as the subsequent loading of the associated song would reset it immediately.

The scripts supported in the Playlist Editor are BASH scripts and one has to both add a script to a song as well as to check the corresponding box in the exec Script column in order to have it by your computer whenever you switch to the particular song.

| Avís
Scripts are not supported in the Windows version of Hydrogen.

## 15.2. Menú principal

### 15.2.1. L'Editor de Patrons

- Desa - Desa les modificacions fetes a la cançó actual

- Desa - Desa les modificacions fetes a la cançó actual

- Projectes: aquest menú ofereix funcions relacionades amb els fitxers.

- Editor de llistes de reproducció - Una eina per a gestionar llistes de reproducció.

- Obrir patró - Obre un patró desat que pertany al kit de bateria actual

- Desa - Desa les modificacions fetes a la cançó actual

- Obrir patró - Obre un patró desat que pertany al kit de bateria actual

### 15.2.2. Scripts

- Add Script to selected song: associates a BASH script (file of type .sh) to the currently selected song of the playlist.

- Projectes: aquest menú ofereix funcions relacionades amb els fitxers.

- Projectes: aquest menú ofereix funcions relacionades amb els fitxers.

- Editor de llistes de reproducció - Una eina per a gestionar llistes de reproducció.

## Capítol 16. MIDI API

In this section you can find more info about how to make Hydrogen respond to MIDI messages. This is either done using the available MIDI Actions or using the MIDI-learnable Widgets, like knobs or faders, both triggered using MIDI Events.

| Nota
Before you can work with MIDI actions you should have your MIDI devices, drivers, and connections configured correctly in the MIDI System tab of the Preferences. Please note that this chapter will only cover the table linking external MIDI Events to Hydrogen's MIDI Actions. For all other parameters of the MIDI API please see the MIDI System tab of the Preferences.

## 16.1. MIDI Actions

Figura 16.1. MIDI Actions are set in MIDI System tab of the Preferences Dialog

An MIDI Event is an incoming MIDI message, originating from e.g. a MIDI controller or an external sequencer. A MIDI Action is a function built into Hydrogen that can be used to react to a specific MIDI Event. Binding an Event to an Action can be done using the MIDI System tab of the Preferences.

You can also define MIDI bindings by simply pressing the button left of the Event-Action binding line. A popup will inform you that Hydrogen is waiting for your input. Press/hit/turn the key/pad/knob on your MIDI keyboard (or controller) that you want to link to this action. The popup will close and the Event Param. value will now show the MIDI note value of the key you pressed. Once this is done you can select an Action from the action drop-down list.

| Suggeriment
Polsar Tempo és una part del ComptadorDePolsacions, que és essencialment un polsar tempo tunejat. Per defecte el ComptadorDePolsacions no eś visible. Per veure el ComptadorDePolsacions clica el botó de dalt a la dreta (BC) entre el selector de mode Cançó/Patró i el selector de PPM. També pot veure's quan es pressiona la tecla coma (,).

The Action Param. column to the right of the table specifies the input parameter to the Action (see the corresponding Actions reference for details).

### 16.1.1. Events

Four types of MIDI Events are available (as described in the MIDI standard):

- Projectes: aquest menú ofereix funcions relacionades amb els fitxers.

- Projectes: aquest menú ofereix funcions relacionades amb els fitxers.

- MMC_x: machine control events coming from buttons, like 'play' or 'stop', on a controller.

- PROGRAM_CHANGE: usually intended to change the sound of instruments or to select different sound banks.

### 16.1.2. Actions

| Nota
Some of the MIDI Actions require that their Action Param. to be configured. These parameter usually references a specific channel, instrument, FXsend... Keep in mind that their values are zero-based. So, if you want to reference channel 1 you have to enter `0` in the Action Param. field (`1` for channel 2, `2` for channel 3, and so on).

- ALSA: El controlador d'àudio més extès en Linux

- ALSA: El controlador d'àudio més extès en Linux

- BEATCOUNTER: calculates the average time passing between successive encounters of this commands and uses it to set the current tempo using the Beat Counter.

- BPM_CC_RELATIVE: changes the tempo relative to the current tempo, using a controller. Using the Action Param you can specify by how much the current tempo will change. If the incoming Event is `-1` (negative), the tempo will be increased and if it's `1` (positive), it will be increased.

  | Nota
  This Action will have no effect if Hydrogen is both in Song Mode and the Timeline is activated.

- Exportar cançó - Exporta la cançó actual en format WAV

  | Nota
  This Action will have no effect if Hydrogen is in Song Mode or Timeline is activated.

- BPM_FINE_CC_RELATIVE: as BPM_CC_RELATIVE but with changes 100 times smaller than the value specified in Action Param.

  | Nota
  This Action will have no effect if Hydrogen is in Song Mode or Timeline is activated.

- Nou - Crear una nova cançó

  | Nota
  This Action will have no effect if Hydrogen is in Song Mode or Timeline is activated.

- EFFECT_LEVEL_ABSOLUTE: changes the volume level of an FX. Parameter 1 determines the Instrument Channel Strip and Parameter 2 specifies the FX the Action will be applied to.

- Comença la compensació del comptador de polsacions en ms - ajustar el temps entre l'última entrada ComptadorDePolsacions i quan comença la reproducció de la cançó (si la funció d'auto inici està desactivada).

- FILTER_CUTOFF_LEVEL_ABSOLUTE: for a value of `0` it sets the Filter Cutoff of the instrument strip specified using the Action Param to `0`. For all other values it sets the cutoff to the provided number divided by 127.0.

- GAIN_LEVEL_ABSOLUTE: sets the Layer Gain. Parameter 1 specifies the instrument, parameter 2 the component, and parameter 3 the layer.

- MASTER_VOLUME_ABSOLUTE: sets the Master output volume to the value provided by the MIDI event times 1.5 and divided by 127.

- MASTER_VOLUME_RELATIVE: changes the Master output volume, relative to its current setting. For a value of `0` it sets the volume of the master fader to 0. For a value of `1` it increases its volume by 0.05 and for all other values it decreases it by 0.05. (`-1`: -0.05 , `0`: 0 ,`1`: +0.05)

- Mesclador - Obre la finestra del mesclador.

- MUTE_TOGGLE: toggles the muting of the Master output (sequencer keeps running).

- PAN_ABSOLUTE: changes the pan of an instrument determined by the Action Param to the absolute value that the linked controller sends to Hydrogen. Incoming values from `0` to `127` will be mapped to pan values between -1 and 1.

- Comença la compensació del comptador de polsacions en ms - ajustar el temps entre l'última entrada ComptadorDePolsacions i quan comença la reproducció de la cançó (si la funció d'auto inici està desactivada).

- PAN_RELATIVE: changes the pan of an instrument determined by the Action Param relative to the current value. For a value of `1` it increase the pan by 0.05. For all other values it decreases it by 0.05. (`-1`: -0.05 , `1`: +0.05).

- [CTRL + S] = Desar fitxer

- PITCH_LEVEL_ABSOLUTE: sets the Layer Pitch. Parameter 1 specifies the instrument, parameter 2 the component, and parameter 3 the layer. PAUSE: pauses playback.

- [CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer

- PLAY/PAUSE_TOGGLE: works the same as PLAY if the playback has not started yet and same as. PAUSE otherwise. (The playhead will not return to the start of the song, but will stay at its current position).

- PLAY/STOP_TOGGLE: works the same as PLAY if the playback has not started yet and same as. STOP otherwise.

- PLAYLIST_NEXT_SONG: opens the song in the current playlist corresponding to the song number specified in Action Param.

- Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

- Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

- RECORD/STROBE_TOGGLE: toggles recording (same as pressing the record button in the main toolbar).

- Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

- RECORD_READY: toggles recording (same as pressing the record button in the main toolbar) if the playback has not started yet.

- Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

- Projectes: aquest menú ofereix funcions relacionades amb els fitxers.

- SELECT_AND_PLAY_PATTERN: works as SELECT_NEXT_PATTERN combined with PLAY.

- SELECT_INSTRUMENT: selects the instrument in the drumkit corresponding to the number supplied in the incoming MIDI Event.

- SELECT_NEXT_PATTERN: selects the pattern specified in Action Param.

  | Nota
  If Hydrogen is in Selected Pattern Mode, playback will be switched to the selected pattern immediately. If it is, instead, in Stacked Pattern Mode, playback of the selected pattern will be toggled next time transport is loop again. In case the pattern was already playing, it will be stopped. If not, it will be started. If Hydrogen is in Song Mode, the command will have no effect.

- Comença la compensació del comptador de polsacions en ms - ajustar el temps entre l'última entrada ComptadorDePolsacions i quan comença la reproducció de la cançó (si la funció d'auto inici està desactivada).

- Comença la compensació del comptador de polsacions en ms - ajustar el temps entre l'última entrada ComptadorDePolsacions i quan comença la reproducció de la cançó (si la funció d'auto inici està desactivada).

- SELECT_ONLY_NEXT_PATTERN: selects the pattern specified in Action Param.

  | Nota
  If Hydrogen is in Stacked Pattern Mode, only the selected pattern will be played back once the transport gets looped again. For Selected Pattern Mode this action behaves as SELECT_NEXT_PATTERN. If Hydrogen is in Song Mode, the command will have no effect.

  | Suggeriment
  By providing a number smaller than `0` or larger than the number of available patterns all playing patterns can be stopped at once without stopping playback itself.

- SELECT_ONLY_NEXT_PATTERN_CC_ABSOLUTE: like SELECT_ONLY_NEXT_PATTERN but the pattern to be selected is determined by the value of the MIDI message.

- [Backspace] = Reinicia cançó o patró des de l'inici

- STRIP_MUTE_TOGGLE: mutes the instrument specified in Action Param.

- STRIP_SOLO_TOGGLE: mutes the instrument specified in Action Param.

- STRIP_VOLUME_ABSOLUTE: see MASTER_VOLUME_ABSOLUTE, but applies to the Instrument Channel Strip specified in Action Param.

- STRIP_VOLUME_RELATIVE: see MASTER_VOLUME_RELATIVE, but applies to the Instrument Channel Strip specified in Action Param.

- TAP_TEMPO: another command calculating the average time passing between successive encounters of this commands and uses it to set the current tempo using Tap Tempo.

- [CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer

- [CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer

- Mesclador - Obre la finestra del mesclador.

## 16.2. MIDI-learnable Widgets

MIDI Events can be mapped to Actions in the dedicated table at the bottom of the MIDI tab of the Preferences Dialog. For more convenient handling some of these Actions are associated with GUI elements and can directly be mapped to MIDI Events by pressing Shift while left-clicking the widget.

Such elements are:

- the volume faders in the Instrument Channel Strips

- the FX volume knobs in the Instrument Channel Strips

- the pan rotaries in the Instrument Channel Strips

- the Master Fader Strip in the Mixer

A 'Waiting for MIDI input...' popup informs you that Hydrogen is now waiting for you to press a key or turn/move a controller on your MIDI device.

| Nota
If the element that does not support MIDI automation, a different popup will inform you.

## Capítol 17. OSC API

Open Sound Control (OSC) is a protocol for communication among programs, computers, and hardware, like synthesizers or multimedia devices, via networking protocols such as UDP or TCP. It can be thought of as a replacement for the MIDI protocol with rich benefits, like supporting symbolic and high-resolution numerical argument data, providing an URL-style naming scheme in combination with a pattern matching language, and allowing to bundle messages for a better handling of timing and simultaneous processing.

## 17.1. Basics

Hydrogen is able to receive and send OSC messages. This allows you to control it using various devices, like hardware OSC controllers, smartphones, tablets, or any PC. For Linux-based systems you can use or test these interactions using the command line program oscsend.

    $ oscsend localhost 9000 /Hydrogen/NEW_SONG s /tmp/new.h2song

| Nota
To enable OSC support in Hydrogen, open the OSC tab in the Preferences dialog. Make sure that the "Enable OSC support" checkbox is activated, otherwise Hydrogen will not listen for incoming OSC messages.

| Suggeriment
Hydrogen's port number defaults to `9000` for historical reasons. Since this is also the number used in the coding examples provided by liblo package, you may encounter other applications trying to register the same port (which is not possible). In order to avoid hiccups in your audio setup, it's advised to set a different default port in such cases.

| Avís
oscsend should only be used for sparse interactive testing and control via a command-line. Using it in scripts is not recommended since every time it sends a command it will registers a new client at the OSC server. If the Enable OSC feedback option in the OSC tab of the Preferences dialog is checked, Hydrogen will send its current state to all registered clients causing it to become slower and slower with every oscsend command sent. Soon you will experience visual lags. When unchecking this option, however, using oscsend is fine.

## 17.2. Commands

### 17.2.1. Syntax

The syntax for sending the commands is

    $ oscsend localhost OSC_PORT_NUMBER COMMAND_URL COMMAND_TYPE COMMAND_ARGUMENT

with the supported types

- [CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer

- [CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer

- [CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer

- [CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer

Detailed description of the formats and conventions used in the tables below

- [Backspace] = Reinicia cançó o patró des de l'inici

- ' ',[f]: two types separated by a comma indicate that two versions of the command are available. To support TouchOSC all commands expecting no parameter are available in an alternative version requiring a float too. In the latter version the argument will be ignored and it is placed in squared brackets [f] to indicate its inferiority compared to the non-parametric version.

- [0,]: limitations in possible values of the input parameters are indicated in the range column. For continuous values squared brackets [LOWER_LIMIT,UPPER_LIMIT] are used and a limit will be left empty when it is associated with a "natural" boundary, like the total number of instrument or pattern.

- {-1;0;1}: sets of discrete values are shown in curly brackets and separated semicolon {VALUE;...} and usually feature the most convenient input options.

- 1.0: also in order to support TouchOSC all numerical input has to be passed as type float while most of these numbers will be rounded to integers internally. For all true float inputs the range column uses a floating point representation of the limits, like 1.0 instead of 1.

- X: all commands ending with a /X/ require this character to be replaced by an integer and do affect only the corresponding instrument, e.g. oscsend localhost 9000 /Hydrogen/PAN_ABSOLUTE/1/ f 0.3. The instrument number starts at 1 and is determined by the order of the instrument in the mixer and pattern editor.

### 17.2.2. All Commands

Taula 17.1. All OSC Messages

URL | type | range | description
--- | --- | --- | ---
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Starts playback.
[CTRL + S] = Desar fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Stops playback.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | [Backspace] = Reinicia cançó o patró des de l'inici
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Works the same as /Hydrogen/PLAY/ if the playback has not started yet and same as. /Hydrogen/PAUSE/ otherwise. (The playhead will not return to the start of the song, but will stay at its current position).
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Works the same as /Hydrogen/PLAY/ if the playback has not started yet and same as. /Hydrogen/STOP/ otherwise.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Toggles recording (same as pressing the record button) if the playback has not started yet.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Toggles recording (same as pressing the record button).
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Activates recording.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Deactivates recording.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | ALSA: El controlador d'àudio més extès en Linux
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Moves the playhead to the previous pattern/bar.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f | [0,] | If Hydrogen is in Pattern Mode, switch to pattern f. If Hydrogen is in Song Mode, the command will have no effect.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f |  | If Hydrogen is in Stacked Pattern Mode, play back pattern f and stop all other patterns currently playing. In Selected Pattern Mode this action behaves like /Hydrogen/SELECT_NEXT_PATTERN/. If Hydrogen is in Song Mode, the command will have no effect.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f | [0,] | Works as /Hydrogen/SELECT_NEXT_PATTERN/ combined with /Hydrogen/PLAY/.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f | [0,] | If Hydrogen is in Song Mode, locates the playhead to pattern number f. If Hydrogen is in Pattern Mode, locates the playhead to the beginning of the current pattern.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f |  | Sets the current tempo to f. Note that this command will have no effect if Hydrogen is both in Song Mode and the Timeline is activated.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f |  | Decreases the current tempo by f. Note that this command will have no effect if Hydrogen is both in Song Mode and the Timeline is activated.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f |  | Increases the current tempo by f. Note that this command will have no effect if Hydrogen is both in Song Mode and Tempo Marker has been passed.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Calculates the average time passing between successive encounters of this commands and uses it to set the current tempo using the Beat Counter.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Another command calculating the average time passing between successive encounters of this commands and uses it to set the current tempo using Tap Tempo.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f | {0,1} | Activates the Timeline if f is not zero and deactivates it otherwise.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ff | [0,] [10,400] | Adds a Tempo Marker to the Timeline. The first argument specifies the pattern/bar to at the marker to and the second its tempo.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f | [0,] | Deletes a Tempo Marker at pattern/bar f on the Timeline.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Mutes the Master output (sequencer keeps running).
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Unmutes the Master output (sequencer keeps running).
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Toggles the muting of the Master output (sequencer keeps running).
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f | [0.0,1.5] | Sets the volume of the Master fader.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f | {-1;0;1} | Changes the Master output volume, relative to the current setting. For a value of `0` it sets the volume of the master fader to 0. For a value of `1` it increases its volume by 0.05 and for all other values it decreases it by 0.05. (`-1`: -0.05 ,`0`: 0 ,`1`: +0.05)
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f | [0.0,1.5] | See /Hydrogen/MASTER_VOLUME_ABSOLUTE/, but applies to the Instrument Channel Strip provided in the OSC command path as X. Please not that this only affects Instrument Channel Strips. Strip volume control for Component Channel Strips is not implemented yet).
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f | {-1;0;1} | See /Hydrogen/MASTER_VOLUME_RELATIVE/, but applies to the Instrument Channel Strip provided in the OSC command path as X. Please not that this only affects Instrument Channel Strips. Strip volume control for Component Channel Strips is not implemented yet).
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f | [0.0,1.0] | Sets the pan of instrument strip X.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f | {-1;1} | Changes the pan of the Instrument Channel Strip X, relative to the current value. For a value of `1` it increase the pan by 0.05. For all other values it decreases it by 0.05. (`-1`: -0.05 , `1`: +0.05)
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f | [0,127] | For a value of `0` it sets the Filter Cutoff of the Instrument Channel Strip X to 0. For all other values it sets the cutoff to the provided number divided by 127.0. Please note that this parameter is not displayed anywhere in the Mixer but in the Instrument Rack.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | '',[f] |  | Toggles muting of Instrument Channel Strip X. Optional input argument will be ignored.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | '',[f] |  | Toggles soloing of Instrument Channel Strip X. Optional input argument will be ignored.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f | [0,] | Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Undoes the previous action.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Redoes the previous undone action.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f | {0;1} | Deactivated the JACK transport support for a value of `0` and activates it for all others.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f | {0;1} | Unregisters Hydrogen as JACK Timebase Master for a value of `0` and registers it for all others.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f | {0;1} | Deactivated Song Mode for a value of `0` and activates it for all others.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f | {0;1} | Deactivated looped playback for a value of `0` and activates it for all others.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Toggles the metronome.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f | [0,] | Selects a specific instrument in the drumkit.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | s |  | Creates an empty song which will be stored at the absolute path s.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | s |  | Opens an existing song associated with the absolute path s.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Preferències d'àudio
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | s |  | Saves the current song to the absolute path s.
[CTRL + S] = Desar fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Preferències d'àudio
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ' ',[f] |  | Usant Hydrogen
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | s |  | Creates an empty pattern of name s.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | s |  | Opens an existing pattern at the absolute path s.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | f |  | Removes pattern number f.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | ff |  | Toggles a pattern in the pattern grid of the Song Editor. The first argument will be used as column and the second as row.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | s,sf |  | Loads a drumkit into the current song. s can be either the name of a drumkit already present in the Sound Library Editor or an absolute path pointing to an extracted drumkit folder (containing both `drumkit.xml` file as well as all required samples). The second argument is optional and specifies whether (`0`) or not (any other value) instruments of the old kit should be kept in case newly loaded one has less and there are note present for that particular instrument in a pattern.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | s,ss |  | Inflates a compressed drumkit found at the absolute path s (first argument). The second argument specifies the target path to extract the kit to. It's optional and if omitted the kit will be extracted into Hydrogen's user drumkit folder.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | s,sf |  | Validates a compressed or inflated drumkit found at the absolute path s against the current drumkit format. When setting the second arguent to `1` the kit will be validated against all former drumkit definitions as well.
[CTRL + O] = Obrir fitxer | s,ss |  | Upgrades a compressed or inflated drumkit found at the absolute path s to the latest drumkit format. The second argument specifies the target path to upgraded kit will be stored in. It's optional and if omitted the kit will be upgraded inplace.

# Part III. Mostres

## Capítol 18. Una nova seqüència

Això és una passada ràpida per Hydrogen. Mira't el tutorial per a més detalls.

## 18.1. Mode "Cançó" i mode "Patró"

Hydrogen has two main modes: Pattern mode and Song Mode. When Pattern Mode is activated the current pattern is continuously repeated. This mode is very well suited to tweak your pattern until it's just right, since the pattern you are working on is constantly repeated. This way you can immediately hear the changes you have made. In Song Mode the whole song is played. This is useful when putting together the patterns to create the structure of the song.

## 18.2. Un nou patró

We'll start from the empty song with an empty pattern created when Hydrogen starts up: Pattern Mode should be selected by default. Now let's click on the button in the Main Toolbar, and while the pattern is playing let's add notes by left-clicking in the grid of the Pattern Editor (see Figura 18.1). Adjust the grid resolution and tempo if needed.

| Nota
Remember some constraints of the grid: if you are working with a resolution of `1/16`, you can't go back to `1/8` and remove a 16th note; same thing happens if you are working with a resolution of `1/8` and you try to insert a note in the middle of two bars (looking for a 16 bars precision): they will be placed on the previous or on the following 8th bar (unless you choose `off` from the Grid Resolution combo box in which case you're free to place notes wherever you prefer). Be sure to select the correct pattern in the Sidebar of the Song Editor before adding notes in the Pattern Editor!

Figura 18.1. L'Editor de Patrons

## 18.3. Una nova seqüència

Una vegada creats els patrons (Figura 18.2), es poden copiar/enganxar/esborrar arrossegant-les amb el ratolí (ha d'estar seleccionat el mode de selecció en l'Editor de Cançons i tenir apretat el botó dret del ratolí per a seleccionar la zona que vols moure o copiar).

Figura 18.2. Inserting Patterns in the Song Sequence

## 18.4. Ajustar al mesclador

Per descomptat sempre es pot utililtzar la finestra del mesclador, tant mentre estem creant els patrons com quan s'estan reproduïnt.

L'àrea del mesclador (Figura 18.3) es compòn de 32 pistes independents, cada una assignada a un instument, amés d'una "Sortida General" per a ajustar el nivel general de volum de sortida i un botó d'"Efectes" per configurar efectes. Cada línea té 3 botóns ( ), ajust de balanç ( ), el pic màxim actual, l'atenuador de volum i el nom de la pista. Clicant a reproduirà l'instrument, tallant als altres. El botó d'"Enmudir" silencia aquest instrument. El nivell màxim de pic indica el volum màxim al que ha arribat l'instrument; el pic ha d'estar entre 0.0 i 1.0 (a Figura 18.3 pots veure uns quants volums massa alts), si no es distorsionarà produïnt un sò extrany (especialment amb el controlador OSS), en aquest cas és millor baixar el volum; atenció a cada contador.

Figura 18.3. El Mesclador

## Capítol 19. Creant un nou Kit de Bateria

## 19.1. Creant un nou Kit de Bateria

In this chapter we will show you how to create a complete drumkit. Be sure to have a look at the conceptional design of a drumkit first. Keeping this in mind we will use a top-down approach, so we will start at the Drumkit level and work our way down to the samples.

Els kits de bateria en Hydrogen es creen amb l'Editor d'Instruments. Amb l'editor d'instruments pots carregar mostres, configurar paràmetres d'contorn, configurar el guany i uns quants paràmetres més avançats com ara enmudir grups, filtre de ressonància passa-baixos, aleatorització del tò.

| Suggeriment
Instead of creating your own drumkit, you can also open or download an existing one.

Let's make a brand new drum kit:

1. Per crear un kit de bateria nou de trinca, selecciona Instruments → Netejar Tot . Això et donarà un banc de 32 instruments. Per esborrar instruments, clica amb el botó dret a cada instrument i selecciona Esborra Instrument. Per afegir instruments, selecciona Instruments → Afegeix instrument.

2. Selecciona un instrument per començar a editar-lo. Això es fa clicant amb el botó esquerre al nom de l'instrument a la llista d'instruments (a l'esquerra). T'adonaràs que el nom de l'instrument a l'Editor d'Instruments és igual al que has clicat.

3. Una vegada tens el teu kit de bateria configurat com vols, selecciona Instruments → Desar Llibreria. Et demanarà pel nom del kit a desar. Si desitges sobreescriure un kit ja existent, has de posar el mateix nom que tenia el kit que vols canviar.

4. Els Kits de Bateria es guarden automàticament al directodi de `dades` (p.e. `$HOME/data/drumkits`).

5. Per exportar un kit de bateria (i compartir-lo amb altres), primer ha d'estar carregat a la teva Llibreria de Sò. Llavors selecciona Instruments → Exportar llibreria al menú. Selecciona un kit de bateria per exportar i dona-li un nom per desar-lo.

## 19.2. Creant un nou Kit de Bateria

Pots carregar vàries mostres i configurar diferents paràmetres de sintetitzador per a cada instrument d'un kit de bateria. Aquesta secció et guiarà en com crear un nou instrument i carregar les mostres.

Per començar a crear un instrument, selecciona Instruments → Afegir instrument. Això et donarà un instrument en blanc per començar.

Ara necessites dues mostres. Qualsevol fitxer .WAV o .FLAC servirà. Hydrogen en proporviona vàries al directori `data/drumkits`.

Una vegada carregada la mostra, veuràs que ara hi ha un 1 a dalt, i que el rectangle s'ha tornat blau cel. Per carregar una segona mostra, clica la posició just a sota, llavors clica Carregar Capa per posar-hi una nova mostra.

| Nota
The Audio File Browser will allow you to preview the sample before you load it. It will also allow you to load more than one sample at a time. But for now, only load one.

Una vegada carregada la mostra, veuràs que ara hi ha un 1 a dalt, i que el rectangle s'ha tornat blau cel. Per carregar una segona mostra, clica la posició just a sota, llavors clica Carregar Capa per posar-hi una nova mostra.

Després de portar en ambdues mostres, segurament t'adonaràs que només la primera mostra es toca quan dispares l'instrument. Això és per que has de configurar els rangs de velocitat en les capes. Mou el ratolí per les bandes dels rectangles blau cel i veuràs que tens un cursor per a arrossegar d'esquerra a dreta. Ara arrossega la mostra cap a l'esquerra o la dreta (com una cortina). Veuràs la segona capa aparèixer.

La configuració de velocitat per a una capa de velocitat 0 és a l'esquerra, i velocitat màxima a la dreta. Configura la capa 1 per sonar per les notes fluixes, i la capa 2 per les notes fortes (p.e. capa 1 a l'esquerra i la capa 2 a la dreta.)

Ara, a l'àrea de patrons, configura un patró simple que tocarà aquest instrument. Ajusta els paràmetres de velocitat a cada nota per conseguir que les diferents mostres sonin. Ara configura el patró per repetir-se i fixa't com les mostres es van disparant. (Per apendre com editar un patró, mira Capítol 9)

Per cada capa, pots configurar el Guany i el Tò. El tò també té un botó d'ajustament Fí.

Ajusta el Guany per controlar el volum de reproducció de la mostra. És necessari ja que és extremament dificil conseguir un conjunt de mostres que sonin exactament al mateix volum. Ajustant-ho aqui, les mostres que s'han enregistrat massa fluixes es poden amplificar per a que sonin igual que les mostres més altes (que segurament s'han hagut d'atenuar).

| Avís
És molt fàcil posar el Guany massa alt, provocant que la mostra es saturi. Recorda provar el guany a velocitat màxima. Si satures la senyal aqui, serà pitjor quan Hydrogen ho processi.

El tò de la mostra pot ser modificat amb els controls de tò. El controlador de Tò ajusta el tò en migs tons misicals. (Per tant, -12 és una octava). El tò a la dreta ajusta el tò ±50 Centèssimes. (Mig tò són 100 centèssimes)

| Nota
El tò s'ajusta tocant la mostra més ràpidament o més lentament. És l'anomenat Efecte Doppler. Per tant, si tens una mostra d'un segon i tires cap a -12 (1 octava), la teva mostra només durará mig segon.

You can hear the sample in a layer by clicking the layer id (just below the 'General' and 'Layers' buttons).

## 19.3. Consells a l'Editar Instruments

Amb tots els paràmetres que hi ha per configurar, pot ser dificil trobar quelcom que soni bé. Aquí tens uns consells per configurar un instrument:

Baixa el guany. Cada cop que tens un selector de guany (p.e. un amplificador), d'això se'n diu una etapa de guany. Amb cada etapa de guany és fàcil saturar la senyal - el que significa que la senyal es distorsiona per retall. Amés, si tens dues mostres que, per elles mateixes, claven els teus indicadors - et pots imaginar que passarà quan les combinis? Efectivament, saturaràs el guany de la senyal.

Si les coses sonen malament i distorsionades, comença baixant el guany a la capa... especialment si és major a 1.0. Llavors passa a baixar el guany de l'instrument, Llavors qualsevol guany en els efectes LADSPA. Llavors a l'atenuador del mesclador. Llavors a l'atenuador del volum de sortida principal.

Prova les mostres a velocitat màxima. La teva mostra serà tocada més fort si la velocitat és més alta. Per tant, si ho configures tot per a que soni bé a velocitat màxima 0.7, què passarà quan tinguis una velocitat màxima d'1.0? (Pista: retall...)

Intenta utilitzar mostres de com a màxim -6 dB Visualment, això vol dir que les mostres arribaràn com a màxim a mitja escala. D'una altra manera, canvia el guany de la capa aproximadament a .5.

Treu qualsevol compensació de DC de la mostra. En un edotor de mostres, normalment hi ha una linea cap al mig de l'ona de la mostra. Aquesta és la línea de zero. El començament de la teva mostra hauria de ser en aquest línea. El final de la teva mostra també hauria d'estar en aquesta línea. De totes manesre, si la teva senyal està una mica pe sota o per sobre de la linea, sentiràs un clic al començament i al final de qualsevol mostra tocada. Si el teu editor de mostres no té cap eina per a arreglar un problema de compensació de DC, pots eliminar el soroll posant un lleugera atenuació a l'inici i final de la mostra.

L'ADSR no ha de ser més llarg que la teva mostra. Si tens una mostra curta, no importa quant posis a l'atac i decay - la mostra acabarà igual.

Les coses canvien amb la freqüència de mostreig. Si tens un setup ben posat amb tots els teus paràmetres ben configurats... les coses cambiaràn si canvies la freqüència de mostreig de la tarja de sò. Alguns dels paràmetre interns de l'Hydrogen estan fets i basats en quantes mostres tens, i no quants segons passen. Les coses que poden canviar son: qualsevol cosa basada en el temps (com ara atac i release) i qualsevol cosa basada en la freqüència (com ara la freqüència de tall).

Les típiques mostres que utilitza Hydrogen son: el sò d'un tambor de la bateria, el sò d'un plat, el sò d'una esquella. Quan poses una nota en el patró (o toques una nota utilitzant MIDI), Hydrogen reprodueix qualsevol sò que hi hagi carregat. Per tant, per ajuntar un kit de bateria necessites recopilar grabacions curtes del bombo, cada tambor, cada plat, el charles obert i tancat, la caixa (oberta o tancada), tocs al canto de la caixa, etc.

De totes maneres, no hi ha regles en quant a què pot ser una mostra. No es extrany utilitzar Hydrogen per disparar sons que no son de bateria: clips d'àucio de gent xerrant, un tros d'una cançó, efectes de sò, clips d'àudio de pelicul.les, gent famosa parlant... Siques creatiu!

# Part IV. Appendix

## Capítol 20. Licensing

| Avís
No one of us is a lawyer and all information found in this section should be taken with a grain of salt and come with no warranty. But we try our best to condense information we found online.

When exporting a song or saving or exporting a drumkit you are reusing and/or redistributing licensed sound samples. Thus you are legally obliged to comply with every license hold by the samples you used.

In this chapter we cover how Hydrogen can help you handle and manage the licenses involved and what the most common ones do imply.

| Nota
Our custom data types .h2pattern, .h2song, and .h2playlist do not contain any samples and are not affected by the issues described in this chapter.

| Avís
If the exact license is not available for a drumkit, do not assume that it is a Creative Commons (CC) or other open and free license.

## 20.1. License Parsing

Hydrogen does display some info dialogs in case any of the used samples holds a copyleft license, like CC BY-SA or GPL, holds one that require an attribution of the copyright holder (as CC BY* licenses do), or you are mixing different licenses during drumkit saving or export. But all this is only possible if the licenses of the involved drumkits are correctly parsed (and are one of the supported common licenses).

You can access and alter the license of the drumkit used in the current song via Drumkits > Properties in the main menu or the license of a stock kit via the Sound Library. In addition, you can view all licenses of the contained samples which is especially helpful when mixing instruments of different drumkits in the current song.

Figura 20.1. L'Editor de Patrons

| Nota
Samples loaded directly into Hydrogen using the Layer section of the Instrument Editor are not associated to any drumkit until you save it and will be handled as if they are unlicensed. Please take extra care of checking which licenses they are distributed with and what implication their presence has for your song/drumkit.

## 20.2. Common Licenses

By default all copyrights of your creative work belongs to you - its creator. But you are obliged to comply with the licenses of the samples you used to create it. In this section you find a list and some short description of the licenses most commonly encountered in Hydrogen drumkits.

Also, you are free to abstain from some or all rights by licensing your work with e.g. one of the licenses provided by Creative Commons (CC). This allows other people to reuse it more easily and in a legally secure way and helps the audio community to prosper.

Taula 20.1. Common Licenses

Name | Description
--- | ---
CC0 | The creator choose to give up her copyright and you are free to use, modify, distribute etc. the samples.
CC BY | You are free to use, modify, distribute etc. the samples but you are obliged to give attribution to the creator. This can be done in e.g. the info property of the new drumkit or in the liner notes of the song you created by reusing the samples.
CC BY-NC | Similar to CC BY but you are in addition only allowed to use the result for noncommercial purposes.
CC BY-SA | Similar to CC BY but you are obliged to license your work as CC BY-SA as well. This means you have to give the general public permission to modify, redistribute, reuse, and sell it without being able to require them to give royalty to you.
CC BY-NC-SA | Similar to CC BY-SA but you are in addition only allowed to use the result for noncommercial purposes.
CC BY-ND | Similar to CC BY but you are not allowed to alter the material and can only use or distribute them in unadapted form.
CC BY-NC-ND | Similar to CC BY-ND but you are in addition only allowed to use the result for noncommercial purposes.
GPL | License similar to CC BY-SA but targeted on usage with software instead of creative content. It is discouraged to license your newly created drumkit using this license since it's not clear whether it actually can be legally applied to audio samples. Instead, it's recommanded to stick to the Creative Commons (CC) ones covered above. However, most of the drumkits available in Hydrogen are licensed as GPL and require you to adopt this license too in case you reuse their samples. It's a bit of an unpleasant situation but grew naturally. Most importantly, this license also obliges you to make your product (drumkit/music) available for free!
All rights reserved | You are not allowed to modify, reuse, or distribute the samples without asking the copyright holder for permission first.

## Capítol 21. Tipus de fitxers utilitzats

Abans de treballar amb Hydrogen, si us plau, familiaritza't amb els següents tipus de fitxers:

- *.h2pattern: Fitxer XML que descriu un patró. Els patrons són un grup de polsacions gestionats per l'etidor de patrons.

- *.h2song: XML file describing the whole song (or sequence). Songs are groups of patterns managed using the Song Editor, groups of instruments comprising the current drumkit and managed via the Instrument Editor, as well as all states not already covered by the Preferences.

- *.h2playlist: Fitxer XML una llista de reproducció. Una llista de reproducció és una seqüència (ordenada) de cançons.

- *.h2drumkit: es tracta d'una carpeta comprimida que conté totes les mostres de sò que composen un kit de bateria i un fitxer XML de descripció. Els kits de bateria són bàsicament un grup de mostres de sò.

- *.h2pattern: Fitxer XML que descriu un patró. Els patrons són un grup de polsacions gestionats per l'etidor de patrons.

## Capítol 22. Editor de Cançons

Taula 22.1. Shortcut Table

Shortcut | Description
--- | ---
Ctrl + N | New Project
Ctrl + O | Open File
Ctrl + D | Open Demo
Ctrl + S | Save Song
Ctrl + Shift + S | Save Song as
Ctrl + P | L'Editor de Patrons
Ctrl + M | Export MIDI file
Ctrl + E | Export Song (see Export Song)
Ctrl + L | Export LilyPond file
Ctrl + Q | Usant Hydrogen
Ctrl + Z | Undo an action
Ctrl + Shift + Z | Redo an action
Alt + D | Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.
Alt + M | Show Mixer
Alt + I | Show Instrument Rack
Alt + A | Show Automation Path
Alt + F | Toggle fullscreen mode
Ctrl + Alt + I | Set Input mode to `Instrument`
Ctrl + Alt + D | Set Input mode to `Drumkit`
Alt + P | Show Preferences
Alt + ? | Manual d'Hydrogen
Backspace | [Backspace] = Reinicia cançó o patró des de l'inici
Space | Play / Pause
Ctrl + Space | Starts playback at the current cursor position. If playback is already rolling, it will relocate to the cursor position without pausing or stopping playback. Note that on MacOS this shortcut is bound to Alt + Space.
, | Use the Beat Counter
\ | Use Tap Tempo
+ | Increase tempo by 0.1 BPM
- | Decrease tempo by 0.1 BPM
F5 | Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.
F6 | Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.
F9 | Jump to previous bar in the song
F10 | Jump to next bar in the song
F12 | Panic button (stops the song and mutes all playing sounds)

## Glossari

Aquest és un glossari dels termes generals més utilitzats en Hydrogen, sintetitzadors, bateries o samplers. Les definicions en aquest text estàn simplificades, però les definicions d'aqui són meés generals i tenen més explicacions. Per exemple, el text del manual et pot donar la idea que ADSR és l'unic tipus de generador d'contorns, i que només pot controlar el volum. Això és simple i convenient per als nous usuaris, però no és ben ben correcte.

ADSR

  Un tipus de generador d'contorns que et permet controlar l'Arac, Decay, Sustain, i Release. Generalment, els paràmetres són propircionals a la velocitat.

  Un generador d'contorns per Atac/Decay/Sustain/Release. Una vegada disparada una nota, l'Hydrogen l'ataca incrementant el volum des de 0 fins a la "velocitat" de la nota. Una vegada assolida la velocitat maxima, Decau reduïnt el volum fins que arriva al nivell de sustain. Una vegada la nota és released, l'Hydrogen reduëix el volum des del nivell de sustain fins a 0.

  A Hydrogen, el generador d'contorns ADSR només control el volum (atenuació).

  Llegeix més sobre el tema a l'article de la Wikipedia ADSR Envelope

  Veure també Generador de Contorns, Atac, Decay, Sustain, Release.

Atac

  Aquesta és la primera fase d'un contorn ADSR, i és la quantitat de temps per actirav el paràmetre des de 0 a velocitat màxima un cop disparada la nota.

  Veure també ADSR.

Atenuació

  En filtres i mescladors, la quantitat en que és reduïda una senyal (volum).

  Veure també Roll-off.

Filtre passa-bandes

  Un filtre que preserva un determinat rang de freqüències, i atenua (silencia) tota la resta. Normalment es fa combinant un filtra passa-alts i un filtre passa-baixos.

  Veure també Filtre, Filtre Passa Alts, Filtre Passa Baixos.

Retall

  Un fenòmen que li passa a una senyal quan aquesta és massa gran per al receptor. El pic de la senyal (que normalment es una corva suau) és tallat al volum màxim (tall). Això distorsiona el sò i acostuma a ser indesitjable.

  Un exemple de retall és quan toques música més alt del que el teu altaveu pot suportar. Parts de la música sonen distorsionats.

Component

  A component is a part of Hydrogen's instrument model. Instrument consist of one or more components, and each component consists of one or more layers.

  To make an example: A snare could have two components. One component includes sounds from the top side of the snare drum, and the other component includes the sounds from the bottom side of the snare drum (where the snare wires are fitted). Each component can consist of several layers (snare drum hits with different velocities). Now you can adjust the volume of the two components to build your ideal drum sound. If you want more of the attack, you can put in more of the "top head" component. If you want more of the snare wires, you put in more of the bottom component.

  | Nota
  Components will be created for all instruments. So, even if you just want to have two of them in the snare you will automatically have two components in all other instruments. If you thus remove an empty component in one instrument, you will remove it for all other instruments - even if they are non-empty - too. In addition, all layers belonging to the same component do share a common volume fader in the Component Channel Strips in the Mixer.

Freqüència de tall

  Als filtres passa-alts i passa-baixos, és la freqüència que divideix les freqüències que passen i les que son atenuades (silenciades). En un filtre ressonant passa alts, o en un filtre passa-baixos ressonant, la freqüència de tall és també la zona de freqüència que és amplificada.

  Per exemple, si tens un filtre passa-baixos i configures la freqüència de tall alta (p.e. 20kHz)... el filtre no afectarà al sò. Totes les freqüències audibles passaràn sense modificació. Si baixes la freqüència de tall cap a 40 Hz (la corda gruixuda d'un baix), sona com algú tapant un altaveu. Les freqüències més altes atenuades estàn per sobre 30 Hz.

  Veure també Filtre, Filtre Passa Alts, Filtre Passa Baixos, Filtre de ressonància.

Decay

  Aquesta és la primera fase d'un contorn ADSR, i és la quantitat de temps per actirav el paràmetre des de 0 a velocitat màxima un cop disparada la nota.

  Veure també ADSR.

DC-offset

  DC offset, or DC coefficient is the mean value of the waveform.

  DC offset is usually undesirable. For example, in audio processing, a sound that has DC offset will not be at its loudest possible volume when normalized (because the offset consumes headroom), and this problem can possibly extend to the mix as a whole, since a sound with DC offset and a sound without DC offset will have DC offset when mixed. It may also cause other artifacts depending on what is being done with the signal.

Generador de Contorns

  Una manera de controlar (canviar) el paràmetre durant el temps com a resposta a disparar, i aguantar una nota.

  Se t'han muntat els ulls? Tornem-ho a provar:

  Imagina't que estàs tocant una nota amb un teclat i tens l'altra mà a un botó (volum, freq. de tall del filtre, etc.). Mentre toques la nota, mous el botó (a vegades amunt, a vegades avall... o avall, llavors amunt). Fas el mateix en cada nota. Això és el que un generador de contorns. Mira també ADSR

Atenuador

  Un control per a ajustar la atenuació (volum) en un mesclador. Els atenuadors sempre tenen reductor d'"audio", el que vol dir que la quantitat en l'atenuació canvia en una escala exponencial.

Filtre

  Un dispositiu que canvia el sò atenuant certes freqüències. Un botó de tò és un exemple d'un filtre passa baixos.

  Veure també Filtre passa-bandes, Filtre Passa Alts, Filtre Passa Baixos, Filtre de ressonància.

Guany

  En un amplificador, ajusta quant (o quan poc) una senyal és amplificada (volum). Un guany més alt dóna una senyal més alta.

  In Hydrogen there is a plethora of different ways to affect the volume of the resulting sound. Each single note rendered to audio will contain contributions of

  - Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

  - Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

  - Its Layer Gain

  - The Sustain value of its instrument's ADSR

  - Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

  - Its Instrument Gain

  - Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

  - Its Component Gain

  - Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

  - Velocity contributions by the Automation Path when played in Song Mode

  - Random contributions introduced by Velocity Humanization

  - Eines: obre el mesclador, l'editor de llistes de reproducció, el banc d'instruments i la finestra principal de preferències.

  Further modifications of the note's audio can be applied using the Sample Editor, the Low-Pass Resonance Filter, and FX Plugins.

Filtre Passa Alts

  Un filtre que atenua (silencia) les freqüències baixes, i deixa passar les freqüències altes.

  Veure també Filtre, Freqüència de tall.

Instrument

  A Hydrogen un instrument és un generador de sò (com un bombo o un tambor).

Capa

  En un instrument pots carregar vàries mostres (cada una anomenada capa), i tenir una mostra diferent depenent de la velocitat de la nota. Només una mostra es tocarà a la vegada.

  Suposem que tens una mostra d'un tambor tocat fluix. Si simplement toques la mostra més fort -no sonarà igual que si el tambor s'ha tocat ben fort. Si vols que això sigui igual al teu instrument, pots carregar una mostra per notes fluixes i una mostra diferent per a tocar fort.

  Veure també Instrument.

Filtre Passa Baixos

  Un filtre que atenua (silencia) altes freqüèncias, però deixa passar freqüpencies baixes.

  Veure també Filtre, Freqüència de tall.

Enmudir

  Per fer un soroll. Una configuració en un instrument que no deixa que hi hagi sortida d'àudio.

Enmudir Grup

  A group of instruments (samples) out of which only a single one can be unmuted. If another instrument from the same group is triggered, the former one will be muted (stop playing) immediately.

  Això normalment es fa servir en el charles, on hi ha un instrument diferent (mostra) per quan està obert o tancat. Amb un charles real el sò de l'obert deixarà de sonar quan es tanca. De totes maneres, si fas servir dues mostres - el sò obert continuarà sonant fins i tot després que hagis disparat el sò tancat. Posant els dos intruments al mateix grup d'enmudiment (grup #1, per exemple)... disparar una nota de tancat aturarà inmediatament el só de l'obert (i vicevèrsa)

Normalization

  Normalization is the process of applying a uniform gain to an audio signal in order to make its largest amplitude peak match a predefined value (usually 0dBFS).

Octava

  Un rang de freqüències en el que la freqüència més alta és exactament el doble de la freqüència més baixa.

  Per exemple, el rang de 20 Hz a 40 Hz és una octava. Igual que de 120 Hz a 240 Hz, i 575 Hza a 1150 Hz. Mentre les diferències de freqüències són molt diferents (10 Hz, 120 Hz i 575 Hz, respectivament), per a l'oida humana sonen a la mateixa distància.

Pan

  Panning allows you to change the position of both a mono and stereo sample within the stereo sound field of the resulting audio output. In other words, it controls whether the sound of e.g. the snare is coming from the left or right speaker or somewhere in between. With careful pan adjustments of the different instruments you can make you drumkit sound more natural and simulate the feeling of listening to a real kit in close distance.

  The effect of note Pan depends on the instrument Pan knob, which is set in the Mixer. Look to next figure to see how the Resultant Pan is determined (from version 1.1):

  Figura 45. Visualization of the Interaction of the Different Pan Parameters

  This multi-pan model resembles a "matryoshka" in some way: the note Pan value moves the Resultant Pan in a smaller pan range centered at instrument Pan, whose extension depends on instrument Pan value. Some examples: if instrument Pan is central, note Pan moves the signal in the whole stereo range (really from Left to Right); if instrument Pan is sided, note Pan moves the signal in a progressively smaller stereo range centered at instrument Pan; if instrument Pan is HARD-sided, note Pan doesn't have any effect.

  The way the Resultant Pan will be translated into the volume of each stereo channel is determined by the Pan Law in the Mixer settings.

Release

  Un cop la nota s'ha alliberat, és la quantitat de temps per passar del nivell de sustain a zero.

  Veure també ADSR.

Ressonància

  Quan ens referim a un filtre de ressonància, aquest paràmetre determina quant s'amplificarà (guany) a les freqüències a la zona de tall.

  Veure també Filtre de ressonància.

Filtre de ressonància

  Un filtre que amplifica un rang de freqüències molt petit. Típicament serà part d'un filtre passa alts o passa baixos, en el que les freqüències amplificades estàn entrades a la freqüència de tall.

  Veure també Filtre, Freqüència de tall, Filtre Passa Baixos, Filtre Passa Alts, Ressonància.

Roll-off

  És la quantitat de freqüències que són atenuades (suprimides) quan la freqüència canvia (tipicament mesurat en dB per octava).

  Per exemple, en un filtre passa baixos les freqüències per sota de la freqüència de tall no són atenuades (passen amb el mateix volum). El mateix amb la freqüència de tall. Quan vas per sobre de la freqüència de tall, les freqüències que estàn aprop de la freqüència de tall no son atenuades massa. De totes maneres, les freqüències que són molt més altes que la de tall són molt més atenuades (suprimides). Això normalment es por teure en una línea recta (en escala logarítmica) i mesurat en dB d'atenuació per octava i freqüència.

  Veure també Atenuació, Filtre.

Mostres

  A short recording of a sound, typically between .1 and 3.0 seconds long. Each time a note is triggered within Hydrogen the corresponding sample will be played back (after applying all customization and effects).

Sustain

  El nivell (com d'alt) que aguanta el volum de la nota entre el sustain i el release. És un tant per cent de la velocitat. No depèn del temps.

  Veure també ADSR.

Velocitat

  La força amb la que toques la nota.

  Els dispositius MIDI són requerits per a enviar aquesta informació al llarg de la nota. Els sintetitzadors utilitzen informació per a ajustar varis paràmetres de la mostra (típicament el volum). A Hydrogen, només s'utilitza per ajustar el volum de la mostra reproduïda.