Language Reference

Nyquist / XLISP 2.0 - Contents | Tutorials | Examples | Reference

# Nyquist / XLISP 2.0 Language Reference

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- Entry Format

* | - | variable - most recent result
** | - | variable - second recent result
*** | - | variable - third recent result
+ | - | variable - most recent input expression
++ | - | variable - second recent input expression
+++ | - | variable - third recent input expression
− | - | variable - the expression currently being evaluated
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+ | - | function - add one or several numbers
− | - | function - negate one number or subtract several numbers
* | - | function - multiply one or several numbers
/ | - | function - divide one or several numbers
< | - | function - test if numbers are monotonically increasing
<= | - | function - test if numbers are monotonically non-decreasing
= | - | function - test numbers for equality
/= | - | function - test numbers for non-equality
> | - | function - test if numbers are monotonically decreasing
>= | - | function - test if numbers are monotonically non-increasing
1+ | - | function - increment a number by one
1− | - | function - decrement a number by one
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abs | - | function - compute the absolute value of a number
acos | - | function - compute the arccosine of a floating point number
address-of | - | function - get the address of an xlisp node
alloc | - | function - change the number of nodes to allocate in each segment
alphanumericp | - | function - is this an alphabetic or a digit character?
and | - | special form - the logical 'and' of an arbitrary number of expressions
:answer | - | message selector - add a message to a class
append | - | function - append lists
apply | - | function - apply a function to a list of arguments
*applyhook* | - | system variable - returns NIL [hook not implemented]
aref | - | function - array accessor for the nth element of an array
arrayp | - | predicate function - is this an array?
asin | - | function - compute the arcsine of a floating point number
assoc | - | function - find an expression in an association list
atan | - | function - compute the arctangent of a floating point number
atom | - | predicate function - is this an atom?
&aux | - | keyword - define auxiliary variables
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backquote | - | special form - fill in a template
baktrace | - | function - print n levels of trace back information
bigendianp | - | function - is this a bigendian machine?
block | - | special form - define a named block
both-case-p | - | predicate function - is this an uppercase or lowercase alphabetic character?
boundp | - | predicate function - is a variable value bound to this symbol in the *obarray*?
break | - | function - enter a Break Loop
*breakenable* | - | system variable - define if the Break Loop shall be entered on errors
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car | - | function - list accessor for the first element of a list
caar cadr | - | function - list accessors for a sequence of car and cdr operations
caaar...caddr | - | function - list accessors for a sequence of car and cdr operations
caaaar...cadddr | - | function - list accessors for a sequence of car and cdr operations
case | - | special form - select by case
catch | - | special form - evaluate expressions and catch throws
cdr | - | function - list accessor for the tail of a list with the first element removed
cdar cddr | - | function - list accessors for a sequence of car and cdr operations
cdaar...cdddr | - | function - list accessors for a sequence of car and cdr operations
cdaaar...cddddr | - | function - list accessors for a sequence of car and cdr operations
cerror | - | function - signal a correctable error
char | - | function - extract a character from a string
char/= | - | function - test if characters are not equal, case is significant
char< | - | function - test if characters are monotonically increasing, case is significant
char<= | - | function - test if characters are monotonically non-decreasing, case is significant
char= | - | function - test if characters are equivalent, case is significant
char> | - | function - test if characters are monotonically decreasing, case is significant
char>= | - | function - test if characters are monotonically non-increasing, case is significant
characterp | - | predicate function - is this a character?
char-code | - | function - get the ASCII code of a character
char-downcase | - | function - convert a character to lower case
char-equal | - | function - test if characters are equivalent, case is not significant
char-greaterp | - | predicate function - test if characters are monotonically decreasing, case is not significant
char-int | - | function - convert a character to an integer
char-lessp | - | predicate function - test if characters are monotonically increasing, case is not significant
char-not-equal | - | function - test if characters are different values, case is not significant
char-not-greaterp | - | predicate function - test if characters are monotonically non-decreasing, case is not significant
char-not-lessp | - | predicate function - test if characters are monotonically non-increasing, case is not significant
char-upcase | - | function - convert a character to upper case
class | - | object - the built-in object class
:class | - | message selector - return the class of an object
clean-up | - | function - clean-up after an error
close | - | function - close a file stream
code-char | - | function - get the character with a specified ASCII code
comma | - | reader expansion - comma evaluates expressions in a backquote form
comma-at | - | reader expansion - splices a list into a expression in a backquote form
cond | - | special form - evaluate conditionally
cons | - | function - construct a new list node
consp | - | predicate function - is this a non-empty list?
:constituent | - | keyword - readtable entry to specify a character to be used as is
continue | - | function - continue from a correctable error
cos | - | function - compute the cosine of a floating point number
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*debug-io* | - | system variable - file pointer for debug input and output
decf | - | macro - decrement a variable
defmacro | - | special form - define a Lisp macro
defun | - | special form - define a Lisp function
delete | - | function - delete elements from a list
delete-if | - | function - delete elements from a list that pass a test
delete-if-not | - | function - delete elements from a list that fail a test
digit-char | - | function - convert a decimal digit to a character
digit-char-p | - | predicate function - convert a character to a decimal digit, if possible
do | - | special form - loop with local 'let' bindings
do* | - | special form - loop with local 'let*' bindings
dolist | - | special form - loop through a list
dotimes | - | special form - loop a given number of times
dribble | - | function - create a file with a transcript of a Nyquist/ XLISP session
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echoenabled | - | function - turn the console input echo on or off
endp | - | predicate function - is this the end of a list?
eq | - | predicate function - equality test comparing memory pointers, may fail on numbers
eql | - | predicate function - same as 'eq', but works with all symbols and numbers
equal | - | predicate function - equality test by comparing printed values
error | - | function - signal a non-correctable error
*error-output* | - | system variable - file pointer for error input and output
errset | - | special form - trapping errors
eval | - | function - evaluate a Lisp expression
evalhook | - | function - evaluate with hooks
*evalhook* | - | system variable - user substitute for the evaluator function
evenp | - | predicate function - is this integer even?
exit | - | function - exit XLISP
exp | - | function - compute 'e' to the 'x' power
expand | - | function - expand memory by adding segments
expt | - | function - compute 'x' to the 'y' power
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fboundp | - | predicate function - is a function value bound to this symbol in the *obarray*??
filep | - | function - is this a file?
find-in-xlisp-path | - | function - searches the XLISP path for a filename
*file-separator* | - | variable - the operating system's file separator character
first | - | function - list accessor for the first element of a list
flatc | - | function - length of printed representation using princ
flatsize | - | function - length of printed representation using prin1
flet | - | special form - define local Lisp functions
float | - | function - convert an integer to a floating point number
*float-format* | - | system variable - format for printing floating point numbers
floatp | - | predicate function - is this number a floating point number?
format | - | function - do formatted output
fourth | - | function - list accessor for the fourth element of a list
funcall | - | function - call a function with arguments
function | - | special form - get the functional value of a symbol or lambda expression
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gc | - | function - call the garbage collector
gcd | - | function - compute the greatest common divisor
*gc-flag* | - | system variable - controls the printing of 'gc' messages
*gc-hook* | - | system variable - function to call after garbage collection
gensym | - | function - generate an unique Lisp symbol
get | - | function - list accessor for property lists
get-env | - | function - get the value of an environment variable
get-key | - | function - get a single key stroke from the keyboard
get-lambda-expression | - | function - get the Lisp code of a lambda or macro expression as a list
get-output-stream-list | - | function - empty a stream and return it's data as a list
get-output-stream-string | - | function - empty a stream and return it's data as a single string
get-temp-path | - | function - get a path where a temporary file can be created
get-user | - | function - get the current user name
go | - | special form - go to a tag within a 'tagbody' or 'prog'
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hash | - | function - compute the hash index for a symbol
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if | - | special form - evaluate expressions conditionally
incf | - | macro - increment a variable
info | - | function - show information about memory usage
int-char | - | function - convert an integer to a character
*integer-format* | - | system variable - format for printing integer numbers
integerp | - | predicate function - is this number an integer?
intern | - | function - create a new interned symbol
interpolate | - | function - compute the 'y' coordinate value corresponding to 'x'
intersection | - | function - compute the intersection of two lists
:isa | - | message selector - test if object inherits from class
:isnew | - | message selector - cause an instance to run its initialization method
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keywordp | - | function - is this a keyword?
&key | - | lambda list keyword - define keyword arguments
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labels | - | special form - define local Lisp functions in a mutually recursive manner
lambda | - | special form - define a unnamed function
last | - | function - list accessor for the last element of a list
length | - | function - returns the length of a list, vector or string
let | - | special form - define local bindings, evaluated in no specific order
let* | - | special form - define local bindings, evaluated in sequencial order
list | - | function - create a list of values
listdir | - | function - get a list of all filenames in a directory
listp | - | predicate function - is this a list?
load | - | function - load a source file
log | - | function - the natural logarithm of a floating-point number
logand | - | function - the bitwise 'and' of one or several numbers
logior | - | function - the bitwise 'inclusive or' of one or several numbers
lognot | - | function - the bitwise 'exclusive or' of one or several numbers
logxor | - | function - the bitwise 'not' of a number
loop | - | special form - basic looping form
lower-case-p | - | predicate function - is this a lowercase character?
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macroexpand | - | function - expand macro definitions recursively
macroexpand-1 | - | function - expand the first level of a macro definition
macrolet | - | special form - define a local macro
make-array | - | function - create an array of specified size
make-string-input-stream | - | function - create an unnamed stream from a string expression
make-string-output-stream | - | function - create and return an unnamed output stream
make-symbol | - | function - create a temporary, uninterned symbol
mapc | - | function - apply a function to successive 'car's, return the first list of arguments
mapcar | - | function - apply a function to successive 'car's, return a list of the values
mapl | - | function - apply a function to successive 'cdr's, return the first list of arguments
maplist | - | function - apply a function to successive 'cdr's, return a list of the values
max | - | function - return the largest of one or several numbers
member | - | function - test if an expression is contained in a list
:mescape | - | keyword - readtable entry specifying a character to be used as a multiple escape character
min | - | function - return the smallest of one or several numbers
minusp | - | predicate function - is this number negative?
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nconc | - | function - destructively concatenate lists
:new | - | message selector - create a new instance of a class
nil | - | system constant - representing the empty list as well as the false value
:nmacro | - | keyword - readtable entry to specify a character to be used as the start of a non-terminating read macro
not | - | predicate function - is this expression false?
nstring-downcase | - | function - destructively convert a string or a part of it to lower case
nstring-upcase | - | function - destructively convert a string or a part of it to upper case
nth | - | function - list accessor for the nth element of a list
nthcdr | - | function - list accessor for the nth tail of a list
null | - | predicate function - is this an empty list?
numberp | - | predicate function - is this a number?
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*obarray* | - | system variable - the system symbol table
object | - | object - the build-in object class
objectp | - | predicate function - is this an object?
oddp | - | predicate function - is this integer number odd?
open | - | function - open a file for character or byte i/o
open-binary | - | function - open a file for multi-byte i/o
&optional | - | lambda list keyword - define optional arguments
or | - | special form - the logical 'or' of an arbitrary number of expressions
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peek | - | function - accessor for an internal computer memory value
peek-char | - | function - look at a single character from a specified source
pi | - | variable - floating point approximation of the number 'pi'
plusp | - | predicate function - is this number positive?
poke | - | function - write a value to the internal computer memory
pop | - | macro - pop a value from a list
power | - | function - compute 'x' raised to the 'y' power
pprint | - | function - print a pretty looking version of an expression
prin1 | - | function - print an expression without a newline
princ | - | function - print an expression without quoting and without a newline
print | - | function - print an expression on a new line
*print-case* | - | system variable - specifies how symbols are printed
profile | - | function - turn profiling on or off
prog | - | special form - a 'block' with local 'let' bindings
prog* | - | special form - a 'block' with local 'let*' bindings
prog1 | - | special form - a 'block' returning the value of the first expression
prog2 | - | special form - a 'block' returning the value of the second expression
progn | - | special form - a 'block' returning the value of the last expression
progv | - | special form - a 'block' with local bindings, created out of two lists
psetq | - | special form - perform 'setq' assignments in parallel
push | - | macro - push a value to the front of a list
putprop | - | function - put a property onto a symbol's property list
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quit | - | function - quit XLISP
quote | - | special form - return an expression unevaluated
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random | - | function - compute an integer random number between 0 and n-1 inclusive
read | - | function - read a Lisp expression
read-byte | - | function - read a byte from a stream
read-char | - | function - read a character from a stream
read-float | - | function - read a binary floating point number from a stream
read-int | - | function - read a binary integer number from a stream
read-line | - | function - read a line from a stream, returned as a string
*readtable* | - | system variable - contains data structures relating to the processing of characters
real-random | - | function - compute a floating point random number in an arbitrary range
rem | - | function - compute the remainder of one or several numbers
remove | - | function - remove elements from a list
remove-if | - | function - remove elements from a list that pass a test
remove-if-not | - | function - remove elements from a list that fail a test
remprop | - | function - remove a property from a symbol's property list
rest | - | function - list accessor for the tail of a list, identical to 'cdr'
&rest | - | lambda list keyword - define 'rest' arguments, to be collected in a list
restore | - | function - restore a XLISP workspace from a file
return | - | special form - return from a 'block' construct
return-from | - | special form - return from a named block
reverse | - | function - reverse a list
room | - | function - show memory allocation statistics
round | - | function - round a number to the next integer value
rplaca | - | function - replace the first element of a list
rplacd | - | function - replace the tail of a list
rrandom | - | function - compute a random floating point number between 0 and 1 inclusive
*rslt* | - | system variable - used to store multiple return values
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save | - | function - save a XLISP workspace to a file
second | - | function - list accessor for the second element of a list
self | - | symbol - evaluates to the current object when used within a message context
send | - | function - send a message to an object
send-super | - | function - send a message to the superclass of an object
:sescape | - | keyword - readtable entry specifying a character to be used as a single escape character
set | - | function - set the value of a symbol
set-difference | - | function - compute the set-difference of two lists
setdir | - | function - set a new working directory
setf | - | special form - set the value of a place
setq | - | special form - set the value of a quoted symbol
setup-console | - | function - set default console attributes
:show | - | message selector - show an object's instance variables
sin | - | function - compute the sine of a floating point number
sort | - | function - destructively sort a list
soundp | - | function - is this a sound?
sqrt | - | function - compute the square root of a floating point number
*standard-input* | - | system variable - file pointer for standard input
*standard-output* | - | system variable - file pointer for standard output
strcat | - | function - concatenate strings
streamp | - | predicate function - is this a stream?
string | - | function - make a string from a symbol, character or string
string/= | - | function - test if string1 is not equal to string2, case is significant
string< | - | function - test if string1 is less than string2, case is significant
string<= | - | function - test if string1 is less than or equal to string2, case is significant
string= | - | function - test if the string arguments have the same values, case is significant
string> | - | function - test if string1 is greater than string2, case is significant
string>= | - | function - test if string1 is greater than or equal to string2, case is significant
stringp | - | predicate function - is this a string?
string-downcase | - | function - convert a string to lower case
string-equal | - | function - test if string1 equal to string2, case is not significant
string-greaterp | - | predicate function - test if string1 is greater than string2, case is not significant
string-left-trim | - | function - trim the left end of a string
string-lessp | - | predicate function - test if string1 is less than string2, case is not significant
string-not-equal | - | function - test if string1 is not equal to string2, case is not significant
string-not-greaterp | - | predicate function - test if string1 is less than or equal to string2, case is not significant
string-not-lessp | - | predicate function - test if string1 is greater than or equal to string2, case is not significant
string-right-trim | - | function - trim the right end of a string
string-search | - | function - search for a pattern in a string
string-trim | - | function - trim both ends of a string
string-upcase | - | function - convert a string to upper case
sublis | - | function - substitute expressions by using an association list
subseq | - | function - extract a substring
subsetp | - | function - test if a list is a subset of another list
subst | - | function - substitute expressions
symbol-function | - | function - get the functional value of a symbol
symbol-name | - | function - get the print name of a symbol
symbol-plist | - | function - get the property list of a symbol
symbol-value | - | function - get the value of a symbol
symbolp | - | predicate function - is this a symbol?
system | - | function - execute a command of the operating system
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t | - | system constant - represents 'true'
tagbody | - | special form - a 'block' form with labels
tan | - | function - compute the tangent of a floating point number
terpri | - | function - terminate printing, prints a newline character
third | - | function - list accessor for the third element of a list
throw | - | special form - throw to a 'catch', allows non-local exits and traps
:tmacro | - | keyword - readtable entry to specify a character to be used as the start of a terminating read macro
top-level | - | function - clean-up after an error and return to the top level
trace | - | function - add a function to the trace list
*tracelimit* | - | system variable - the number of forms printed on entry to the Break Loop
*tracelist* | - | system variable - a list of the current functions being traced
*tracenable* | - | system variable - controls whether or not the Break Loop prints any back trace information on entry
*trace-output* | - | system variable - file pointer for trace output
truncate | - | function - truncates a number to an integer
type-of | - | function - compute the type of a Lisp expression
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*unbound* | - | system constant - used to indicate when a symbol has no value
union | - | function - compute the union of two lists
unless | - | special form - evaluate only when a condition is false
untrace | - | function - remove a function from the trace list
unwind-protect | - | special form - allows the trapping of all forms of exit from a protected form
upper-case-p | - | predicate function - is this an uppercase character?
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vector | - | function - create an initialized vector [one-dimensional array]
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when | - | special form - evaluate only when a condition is true
while | - | macro - loop while a condition is met
:white-space | - | keyword - readtable entry to specifying a character that may be skipped over
write-byte | - | function - write a byte to a stream
write-char | - | function - write a character to a stream
write-float | - | function - write a binary floating point number to a stream
write-int | - | function - write a binary integer number to a stream
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zerop | - | predicate function - is this number zero?

Nyquist / XLISP 2.0 - Contents | Tutorials | Examples | Reference