complex Create a complex number.

## Syntax

                c=complex(a)
                c=complex(a,b)

## Arguments

a

  a 1-by-1 or a n-by-m real matrix of doubles, the real part. If `a` has an imaginary part, an error is generated.

b

  a 1-by-1 or a n-by-m real matrix of doubles, the imaginary part (default b=0). If `b` has an imaginary part, an error is generated.

c

  a n-by-m complex matrix of doubles, the complex number.

## Description

c=complex(a) creates a complex number from its real part `a` and zero as the imaginary part.

c=complex(a,b) creates a complex number from its real part `a` and imaginary part `b`.

This function is a substitute for expressions such as `a+%i*b`, especially in cases where the complex arithmetic interferes with particular floating point numbers such as `%inf` or `%nan`.

## Examples

In the following example, we create a complex number from its real and imaginary parts.

    complex(1,2)
    complex([1 2],[3 4])

If `a` only is specified, then the imaginary part is set to zero.

    complex([1 2 3])

If `a` is a scalar and `b` is a matrix, then the result `c` has the same size as `b`. Similarly, if `b` is a scalar and `a` is a matrix, then the result `c` has the same size as `a`.

    c = complex([1 2 3], 4)
    c = complex(1, [2 3 4])

If `a` and `b` are two matrices with different sizes, an error is generated, as in the following session.

    -->complex(ones(2,3),ones(4,5))
     !--error 10000
    complex: Incompatible input arguments #1 and #2: Same sizes expected.
    at line      33 of function complex called by :
    complex(ones(2,3),ones(4,5))

The purpose of the `complex` function is to manage IEEE floating point numbers such as Nans or Infinities. In the following example, we show that creating a complex number where the real and imaginary parts are complex is not straightforward if we use the complex arithmetic. This is because the product `%i` times `%inf` is evaluated as `(0+%i) * (%inf+%i*0)`. This produces the intermediate expression `0*%inf`, which is `%nan`.

    -->%inf+%i*%inf
     ans  =
        Nan + Inf

The solution of this issue is to use the `complex` function.

    -->complex(%inf,%inf)
     ans  =
        Inf + Inf

## See also

- %i
- imult