bdiag block diagonalization, generalized eigenvectors

## Syntax

    [Ab [,X [,bs]]]=bdiag(A [,rmax])

## Arguments

A

  real or complex square matrix

rmax

  real number

Ab

  real or complex square matrix

X

  real or complex non-singular matrix

bs

  vector of integers

## Description

    [Ab [,X [,bs]]]=bdiag(A [,rmax])

performs the block-diagonalization of matrix `A`. bs gives the structure of the blocks (respective sizes of the blocks). `X` is the change of basis i.e `Ab = inv(X)*A*X`is block diagonal.

`rmax` controls the conditioning of `X`; the default value is the l1 norm of `A`.

To get a diagonal form (if it exists) choose a large value for `rmax` (`rmax=1/%eps` for example). Generically (for real random A) the blocks are (1x1) and (2x2) and `X` is the matrix of eigenvectors.

## Examples

    //Real case: 1x1 and 2x2 blocks
    a=rand(5,5);[ab,x,bs]=bdiag(a);ab

    //Complex case: complex 1x1 blocks
    [ab,x,bs]=bdiag(a+%i*0);ab

## See also

- schur
- sylv
- spec
- blockdiag